Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released May 30, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). April Prices Received Index Down 3.6 Percent The April Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 137.7, decreased 3.6 percent from March but increased 12 percent from April 2024. The Livestock Production Index, at 168.1, decreased 8.0 percent from March, but increased 18 percent from April last year. At 100.8, the Crop Production Index was up 4.9 percent from last month but down 1.1 percent from the previous year. Producers received lower prices during April for market eggs, milk, lettuce, and hogs but higher prices for cattle, broilers, strawberries, and calves. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In April, there was decreased marketing of corn, cattle, soybeans, and hay and increased monthly movement for strawberries, milk, broilers, and market eggs. April Prices Paid Index Up 0.5 Percent The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 148.4, is up 0.5 percent from March 2025 and 5.8 percent from April 2024. Higher prices in April for feeder cattle, milk cows, nitrogen, and hay & forages more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs, wage rates, complete feeds, and other services. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : April : March : April Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 122.5 142.9 137.7 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 140.3 147.7 148.4 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 88 97 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................. 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............................ 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons....................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025............. 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025................. 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons.......... 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons............... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons...................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons................... 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons................... 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons........................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons..................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons................. 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons........................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................. 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons....................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons................ 15 Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons........................ 15 Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................. 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons......................... 16 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons....................... 16 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............. 16 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons...................... 16 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons... 17 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons..... 17 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.................... 18 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: April 2025................. 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2024.................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: March 2025.................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2025.................... 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons....................... 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons...................... 20 Parity Price Overview...................................................................................... 21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.. 22 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons....................................... 23 Market Year for Specified Commodities...................................................................... 25 Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2024.......... 25 Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2024......................................................................................... 26 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates................................................................... 27 Prices Paid by Farmers..................................................................................... 28 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons................. 29 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............................................................................. 30 Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons............................................. 31 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons........... 31 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons.............................. 31 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2025.......................................... 32 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates....................................................................... 33 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 34 April Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The April index, at 100.8, is 4.9 percent higher than March but 1.1 percent lower than April 2024. The fruit & tree nut, other crop, and grain & oilseed index increases more than offset the vegetable & melon index decrease. Grain and oilseed: The April index, at 80.4, is up 0.1 percent from March but down 4.2 percent from April 2024. The higher feed grain index more than offset the lower oilseed and food grain indexes. Feed grain: The April index, at 77.2, increased 0.7 percent from last month and 4.5 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $4.62 per bushel, is up 5 cents from last month and 23 cents from April 2024. Food grain: At 86.3, the index for April decreased 2.0 percent from the previous month and 11 percent from a year ago. The April price for all wheat, at $5.61 per bushel, is 10 cents lower than March and 29 cents lower than April 2024. The April price for rice, at $14.20 per cwt, is 40 cents lower than March and $3.10 lower than April 2024. Oilseed: At 82.6, the index for April decreased 0.2 percent from March and 13 percent from April 2024. The soybean price, at $10.20 per bushel, is unchanged from March but $1.60 lower than April a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The April index, at 142.8, is up 12 percent from March and 21 percent from a year earlier. Price increases during April for strawberries, oranges, apples, and pears more than offset price decreases for grapefruit and lemons. Vegetable and melon: At 134.0, the index for April is down 5.2 percent from the previous month and 23 percent from April 2024. Price declines during April for lettuce, tomatoes, broccoli, and celery more than offset price increases for onions and cucumbers. Other crop: The April index, at 96.0, is up 3.9 percent from the previous month but down 11 percent from April 2024. The all hay price, at $166.00 per ton, is $9.00 higher than March but $17.00 lower than April 2024. At 63.5 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.9 cents higher than March but 18.7 cents lower than April 2024. Livestock production: The index for April, at 168.1, decreased 8.0 percent from the previous month but increased 18 percent from April a year earlier. The lower poultry & egg and dairy indexes more than offset the higher meat animal index. Meat animal: At 165.3, the April index increased 2.4 percent from the previous month and 13 percent from a year earlier. The April beef cattle price of $208.00 per cwt is $6.00 higher than the previous month and $23.00 higher than April 2024. At $65.50 per cwt, the April hog price is $1.50 lower than March and $1.40 lower than a year earlier. Dairy: The index for April, at 104.5, is down 4.6 percent from the previous month but up 3.0 percent from April a year ago. The April all milk price of $21.00 per cwt is $1.00 lower than March but 60 cents higher than April 2024. Poultry and egg: At 226.0, the April index decreased 20 percent from March but increased 35 percent from April 2024. The April market egg price, at $3.75 per dozen, is $2.21 lower than March but $1.96 higher than April 2024. The April broiler price, at 79.1 cents per pound, is 2.8 cents higher than March and 2.3 cents higher than a year ago. At 73.4 cents per pound, the April turkey price is 5.1 cents higher than the previous month and 17.6 cents higher than April 2024. Food Commodities: The index, at 150.6, decreased 5.6 percent from the previous month but increased 13 percent from April 2024. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : April : March : April Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 122.5 142.9 137.7 Crop production ..............: 101.9 96.1 100.8 Grain and oilseed ..........: 83.9 80.3 80.4 Feed grain ...............: 73.9 76.7 77.2 Food grain ...............: 96.8 88.1 86.3 Oilseed ..................: 94.7 82.8 82.6 Fruit and tree nut .........: 117.9 128.0 142.8 Vegetable and melon ........: 174.3 141.3 134.0 Other crop .................: 107.5 92.4 96.0 : Livestock production .........: 142.2 182.7 168.1 Meat animal ................: 146.1 161.5 165.3 Cattle ...................: 165.8 182.5 188.4 Hog ......................: 100.6 100.8 98.5 Dairy ......................: 101.5 109.5 104.5 Poultry and egg ............: 167.9 281.2 226.0 : Food commodity .................: 133.8 159.5 150.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : April : March : April Index Group : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1264 1474 1421 Crop production ..............: 888 838 878 Livestock production .........: 1653 2124 1954 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 111.8 129.8 98.1 89.1 136.0 189.0 125.2 151.4 February ......: 120.3 147.4 101.3 96.9 140.8 193.8 133.3 167.0 March .........: 122.1 142.9 100.2 96.1 144.1 182.7 135.2 159.5 April .........: 122.5 137.7 101.9 100.8 142.2 168.1 133.8 150.6 May ...........: 123.8 104.0 142.7 135.3 June ..........: 126.8 107.4 147.4 139.9 July ..........: 123.4 100.3 152.4 136.7 August ........: 128.4 100.6 158.4 144.4 September .....: 121.2 99.5 146.6 134.3 October .......: 112.8 89.8 155.2 126.4 November ......: 120.6 95.0 159.1 142.7 December ......: 127.1 93.4 172.5 148.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 139.2 146.9 135.2 144.1 137.0 142.5 141.6 151.4 February ......: 139.9 147.4 136.0 144.6 137.2 142.8 142.8 152.1 March .........: 140.7 147.7 136.9 145.0 137.6 142.9 143.9 152.7 April .........: 140.3 148.4 136.6 146.1 137.5 142.9 143.3 154.1 May ...........: 140.2 136.5 137.3 143.4 June ..........: 139.9 136.1 137.1 143.0 July ..........: 139.7 135.8 137.1 142.5 August ........: 138.3 134.0 136.6 140.1 September .....: 138.0 133.5 136.5 139.6 October .......: 139.7 135.6 137.0 142.7 November ......: 140.2 136.3 136.9 143.8 December ......: 141.5 138.0 137.6 145.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 7.71 6.09 5.81 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 4.73 3.79 3.51 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 7.90 6.46 6.26 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 45.30 33.50 34.00 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 21.90 20.00 20.70 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 34.80 31.10 31.00 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 35.80 33.30 33.30 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 30.10 26.80 26.80 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 4.39 4.57 4.62 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.822 0.616 0.635 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 12.10 13.00 13.40 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 183.00 157.00 166.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 195.00 167.00 180.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 156.00 139.00 138.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 42.00 37.80 36.10 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 3.88 3.59 3.52 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.272 0.264 0.256 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 14.90 13.70 13.40 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 17.30 14.60 14.20 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 16.30 14.20 13.70 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 20.00 16.60 16.10 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 8.56 7.47 7.60 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 11.80 10.20 10.20 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 20.00 26.50 26.90 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 5.90 5.71 5.61 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 5.59 5.55 5.38 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 8.34 6.66 6.76 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 6.29 5.70 5.69 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 5.66 5.54 5.17 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.62 5.80 5.67 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 6.34 5.72 5.70 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 5.33 5.43 5.67 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 14.80 15.75 12.60 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 11.13 13.12 12.95 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 10.26 13.56 13.95 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.608 0.724 0.733 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 (S) (S) (S) Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,400.00 1,690.00 1,750.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 142.00 138.00 187.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 231.00 (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 39.50 50.50 89.40 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 95.30 59.30 56.90 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) (S) (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 51.80 70.70 70.60 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 84.90 61.60 60.80 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 64.60 48.40 46.50 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 32.60 32.40 29.30 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 29.90 (S) 28.90 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 44.30 32.70 29.10 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 55.00 21.40 24.70 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 10.60 10.70 10.70 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 97.60 57.20 49.10 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 318.00 378.00 394.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 185.00 202.00 208.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 130.00 140.00 142.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 187.00 204.00 211.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 2,120.00 (NA) 2,870.00 Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 66.90 67.00 65.50 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 67.10 66.50 65.70 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 62.50 75.90 62.40 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 20.40 22.00 21.00 Fat test ........................percent: 4.32 4.24 4.36 4.32 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.768 0.763 0.791 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.95 5.47 3.59 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 1.79 5.96 3.75 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.558 0.683 0.734 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 2.19 4.52 4.11 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 89 121 88 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 20.80 22.40 21.50 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 98 98 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 8.81 6.77 5.52 6.63 4.74 4.29 14.50 12.80 10.00 February ...: 8.54 6.34 5.59 6.80 4.36 4.58 15.10 11.90 10.20 March ......: 8.35 6.01 5.71 6.67 4.36 4.57 14.90 11.80 10.20 April ......: 8.31 5.90 5.61 6.70 4.39 4.62 14.90 11.80 10.20 May ........: 8.07 6.19 6.54 4.51 14.40 11.90 June .......: 7.67 5.86 6.49 4.48 14.20 11.80 July .......: 7.61 5.52 6.22 4.23 14.70 11.30 August .....: 7.34 5.23 5.73 3.84 14.10 10.30 September ..: 7.06 5.36 5.21 3.98 13.20 10.20 October ....: 6.96 5.47 4.93 3.99 12.70 9.91 November ...: 6.52 5.45 4.66 4.07 13.00 9.84 December ...: 6.79 5.49 4.80 4.23 13.10 9.79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 156.00 172.00 199.00 58.50 53.00 61.10 February .: 158.00 178.00 203.00 59.60 58.20 66.00 March ....: 164.00 185.00 202.00 61.70 62.80 67.00 April ....: 171.00 185.00 208.00 57.00 66.90 65.50 May ......: 173.00 186.00 58.80 67.90 June .....: 181.00 189.00 64.60 68.80 July .....: 181.00 193.00 74.30 68.40 August ...: 182.00 190.00 73.70 67.80 September : 181.00 183.00 64.90 64.30 October ..: 182.00 187.00 60.40 63.90 November .: 180.00 188.00 57.50 65.40 December .: 172.00 190.00 53.30 62.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (S) (D) Arkansas ...........: 5.82 (D) (S) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.38 5.24 5.02 Idaho ..............: 5.95 5.39 5.67 Illinois ...........: 5.72 5.98 5.71 Indiana ............: 5.47 5.49 5.32 Kansas .............: 5.72 5.31 5.10 Michigan ...........: 5.40 5.81 5.70 Minnesota ..........: 6.20 5.20 5.62 : Missouri ...........: 5.84 5.92 5.56 Montana ............: 6.16 5.90 5.73 Nebraska ...........: 5.31 4.88 5.08 North Carolina .....: 6.00 5.98 5.85 North Dakota .......: 6.30 5.94 5.84 Ohio ...............: 5.42 5.44 5.69 Oklahoma ...........: 5.54 5.44 5.42 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 6.14 6.11 South Dakota .......: 5.81 5.48 5.59 : Texas ..............: 5.69 6.68 5.57 Washington .........: 5.29 5.46 5.28 : United States ......: 5.90 5.71 5.61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 5.82 (D) (S) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 5.38 5.24 5.02 Idaho ..............: 5.91 5.37 5.65 Illinois ...........: 5.72 5.98 5.71 Indiana ............: 5.47 5.49 5.32 Kansas .............: 5.72 5.31 5.10 Michigan ...........: 5.40 5.81 5.70 Missouri ...........: 5.84 5.92 5.56 Montana ............: 5.74 5.49 5.23 : Nebraska ...........: 5.31 4.88 5.08 North Carolina .....: 6.00 5.98 5.85 North Dakota .......: 5.74 4.75 4.60 Ohio ...............: 5.42 5.44 5.69 Oklahoma ...........: 5.54 5.44 5.42 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 6.14 6.11 South Dakota .......: 5.47 5.25 4.76 Texas ..............: 5.69 6.68 5.57 Washington .........: 5.19 5.45 5.27 : United States ......: 5.59 5.55 5.38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (S) (D) California .........: (S) (D) (S) Idaho 1/ ...........: (S) (NA) (NA) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 8.18 6.70 6.86 : United States ......: 8.34 6.66 6.76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 6.05 5.46 5.73 Minnesota ..........: 6.20 5.20 5.62 Montana ............: 6.69 6.26 6.19 North Dakota .......: 6.22 5.74 5.59 South Dakota .......: 6.16 5.86 5.85 Washington .........: 5.78 5.59 5.38 : United States ......: 6.29 5.70 5.69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (S) (D) (S) Iowa ...............: (D) 4.24 4.31 Michigan ...........: (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: 3.70 3.37 3.15 Montana ............: (D) (D) (S) Nebraska ...........: 4.03 3.82 4.05 New York ...........: (S) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 4.40 3.51 3.64 Oregon 1/ ..........: (S) (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania .......: (D) 5.85 5.57 South Dakota .......: 3.48 3.46 3.01 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 3.33 4.10 3.76 : United States ......: 3.88 3.59 3.52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 8.12 6.31 6.32 Idaho ..............: 8.02 (D) 6.24 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.88 5.54 (D) North Dakota .......: (D) 5.33 (D) Washington .........: 8.26 3.75 3.57 Wyoming ............: (D) 6.56 (D) : United States ......: 7.71 6.09 5.81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 8.12 6.64 6.60 Idaho ..............: 8.02 (D) 6.39 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (S) Montana ............: 7.09 6.10 (D) North Dakota .......: (D) 5.86 (D) Washington .........: (D) (S) (S) Wyoming ............: (D) 6.58 (D) : United States ......: 7.90 6.46 6.26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: (D) (D) (D) Washington .........: 3.75 3.75 3.57 Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (S) : United States ......: 4.73 3.79 3.51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 4.82 4.92 4.93 Illinois ...........: 4.26 4.60 4.61 Indiana ............: 4.42 4.77 4.76 Iowa ...............: 4.50 4.53 4.64 Kansas .............: 4.53 4.60 4.61 Kentucky ...........: 4.54 4.78 4.85 Michigan ...........: 4.21 4.45 4.55 Minnesota ..........: 4.22 4.45 4.48 Missouri ...........: 4.39 4.51 4.63 Nebraska ...........: 4.47 4.65 4.66 : North Carolina .....: 4.92 5.80 5.75 North Dakota .......: 4.01 4.18 4.26 Ohio ...............: 4.31 4.66 4.80 Pennsylvania .......: 4.66 4.98 4.95 South Dakota .......: 4.16 4.29 4.38 Tennessee ..........: 4.09 5.21 5.07 Texas ..............: 5.36 5.14 5.66 Wisconsin ..........: 4.14 4.39 4.55 : United States ......: 4.39 4.57 4.62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 7.94 7.09 7.03 Nebraska ...........: 7.62 7.91 7.71 Oklahoma ...........: (D) 7.75 8.12 Texas ..............: (D) 8.31 8.03 : United States ......: 8.56 7.47 7.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 11.60 10.30 10.20 Illinois ...........: 11.70 10.20 10.30 Indiana ............: 12.10 10.50 10.40 Iowa ...............: 12.10 10.00 10.10 Kansas .............: 11.70 9.66 9.84 Kentucky ...........: 11.80 10.40 10.60 Louisiana ..........: 11.40 (D) 10.60 Michigan ...........: 12.00 10.60 10.70 Minnesota ..........: 11.20 9.61 9.81 Mississippi ........: 11.60 10.20 10.20 : Missouri ...........: 11.70 10.20 10.30 Nebraska ...........: 11.40 9.93 9.82 North Carolina .....: 11.60 10.40 10.10 North Dakota .......: 10.70 9.42 9.54 Ohio ...............: 12.10 10.50 10.50 South Dakota .......: 11.40 9.75 9.83 Tennessee ..........: 11.70 9.33 10.30 Wisconsin ..........: 11.50 9.71 9.87 : United States ......: 11.80 10.20 10.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (S) (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 46.10 44.00 43.40 Minnesota ..........: 37.20 30.40 31.90 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 39.20 29.70 30.80 Washington 2/ ......: (NA) (D) (D) : United States ......: 45.30 33.50 34.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate began in September 2024. Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Idaho ..........: (D) 15.60 (D) Montana ........: (D) (D) (D) Nebraska .......: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota ...: (D) 14.20 13.60 South Dakota 1/ : (D) (NA) (NA) Washington .....: (D) (D) (D) : United States ..: 14.90 13.70 13.40 ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Idaho 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Montana .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..: (D) 37.90 33.40 Washington ....: (D) (D) (D) : United States .: 42.00 37.80 36.10 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : California 1/ .: (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho .........: (D) 28.90 27.50 Montana .......: (D) (S) (S) North Dakota ..: (D) 29.30 26.40 Washington ....: (D) (D) 36.40 : United States .: 34.80 31.10 31.00 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (S) (S) Montana ............: 18.70 (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 22.00 20.10 20.70 Oklahoma 1/ ........: (S) (NA) (NA) Washington 2/ ......: (NA) 19.80 20.70 : United States ......: 21.90 20.00 20.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. 2/ Monthly estimates began in July 2024. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 12.10 13.00 13.40 : United States ......: 12.10 13.00 13.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.275 0.257 0.257 Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) 0.241 Florida ............: 0.268 0.260 0.263 Georgia ............: 0.269 0.252 0.250 Mississippi ........: 0.242 0.236 0.226 Missouri 1/ ........: (NA) (S) (S) New Mexico 2/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: 0.267 0.275 0.265 Oklahoma ...........: 0.318 0.303 (S) South Carolina .....: 0.274 0.272 0.260 Texas ..............: 0.340 0.348 0.627 Virginia ...........: 0.279 0.279 0.275 : United States ......: 0.272 0.264 0.256 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in August 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate discontinued in August 2024. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (S) (S) (S) Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 22.00 26.40 26.30 South Dakota .......: 16.50 26.70 28.20 : United States ......: 20.00 26.50 26.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April : March : April : April : March : April : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- -------- dollars per ton ------- : Alabama ............: (D) 0.615 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) 0.630 (NA) (NA) (NA) California .........: (D) (S) (S) (NA) (NA) (NA) Georgia ............: (D) 0.641 0.649 (NA) (NA) (NA) Louisiana ..........: (D) 0.632 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mississippi ........: (D) 0.632 0.639 (NA) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: (D) 0.632 (D) (NA) (NA) (NA) Tennessee ..........: 0.813 0.627 0.637 (NA) (NA) (NA) Texas ..............: 0.770 0.602 0.623 (NA) (NA) (NA) : United States ......: 0.822 0.616 0.635 (NA) (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.822 0.616 0.635 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 349 918 608 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.30 14.60 14.20 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 10,826 12,137 9,970 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.30 14.20 13.70 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 8,023 9,787 7,971 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 21.80 16.70 16.70 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.00 16.00 14.20 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 20.00 16.60 16.10 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,803 2,350 1,999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April : March : April : April : March : April : April : March : April : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 204.00 224.00 215.00 205.00 225.00 215.00 135.00 175.00 185.00 California ...........: 233.00 235.00 237.00 240.00 245.00 245.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 Colorado .............: 209.00 166.00 160.00 220.00 170.00 165.00 190.00 135.00 130.00 Idaho ................: 170.00 150.00 156.00 170.00 150.00 155.00 170.00 145.00 165.00 Illinois .............: 186.00 164.00 158.00 195.00 175.00 170.00 160.00 120.00 115.00 Iowa .................: 171.00 101.00 100.00 177.00 106.00 102.00 149.00 85.00 95.00 Kansas ...............: 170.00 114.00 113.00 179.00 120.00 122.00 155.00 107.00 103.00 Kentucky .............: 191.00 189.00 188.00 226.00 225.00 220.00 174.00 175.00 175.00 Michigan .............: 165.00 159.00 160.00 185.00 170.00 170.00 130.00 135.00 135.00 Minnesota ............: 156.00 101.00 104.00 167.00 109.00 114.00 130.00 73.00 83.00 : Missouri .............: 153.00 132.00 132.00 185.00 185.00 180.00 145.00 120.00 120.00 Montana ..............: 137.00 139.00 124.00 140.00 140.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 120.00 Nebraska .............: 161.00 98.00 97.00 173.00 105.00 103.00 140.00 85.00 87.00 Nevada ...............: 167.00 158.00 163.00 170.00 160.00 165.00 145.00 140.00 150.00 New Mexico ...........: 232.00 211.00 209.00 240.00 225.00 220.00 200.00 140.00 150.00 New York .............: 177.00 189.00 191.00 231.00 230.00 240.00 171.00 175.00 175.00 North Dakota .........: 105.00 89.00 87.00 108.00 95.00 90.00 83.00 75.00 70.00 Ohio .................: 165.00 194.00 185.00 185.00 215.00 205.00 150.00 175.00 165.00 Oklahoma .............: 103.00 110.00 105.00 177.00 171.00 158.00 97.00 92.00 97.00 Oregon ...............: 224.00 203.00 191.00 225.00 200.00 185.00 220.00 210.00 210.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 175.00 181.00 180.00 241.00 239.00 250.00 170.00 171.00 171.00 South Dakota .........: 141.00 90.00 90.00 145.00 93.00 93.00 130.00 85.00 85.00 Texas ................: 247.00 145.00 156.00 301.00 238.00 226.00 213.00 126.00 145.00 Utah .................: 160.00 164.00 164.00 165.00 165.00 165.00 110.00 105.00 100.00 Washington ...........: 205.00 179.00 180.00 200.00 170.00 160.00 220.00 200.00 215.00 Wisconsin ............: 156.00 122.00 116.00 194.00 132.00 122.00 156.00 90.00 97.00 Wyoming ..............: 158.00 159.00 148.00 160.00 165.00 150.00 140.00 125.00 130.00 : United States ........: 183.00 157.00 166.00 195.00 167.00 180.00 156.00 139.00 138.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 290.00 295.00 290.00 Idaho ..............: 210.00 175.00 185.00 Michigan ...........: 215.00 200.00 200.00 Minnesota ..........: 215.00 198.00 212.00 New York ...........: 309.00 325.00 340.00 Pennsylvania .......: 305.00 349.00 365.00 Texas ..............: 342.00 277.00 292.00 Wisconsin ..........: 233.00 201.00 200.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 260.00 242.00 252.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For April 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For March 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For April 2025, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 42.90 16.87 33.11 (D) 14.80 30.84 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 42.50 17.81 31.21 (D) 11.13 23.87 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.30 13.88 22.30 12.27 10.26 19.05 8.57 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: March 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 43.80 18.26 32.16 (D) 15.75 29.60 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 39.40 20.21 27.20 (D) 13.12 19.71 (D) : Oranges .............................: 32.00 17.82 19.67 17.43 13.56 16.23 13.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: April 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 30.30 15.85 21.57 (D) 12.60 18.87 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 41.90 19.95 29.70 (D) 12.95 22.21 (D) : Oranges .............................: 33.80 18.20 21.53 17.45 13.95 18.11 13.02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 21.10 4.01 21.90 4.19 20.80 4.12 California .........: 19.50 4.22 20.70 4.28 19.60 4.24 Colorado ...........: 20.60 4.05 22.30 4.09 21.30 4.05 Florida ............: 25.40 3.92 26.00 3.97 24.90 3.92 Georgia ............: 25.80 3.99 26.10 4.05 25.00 3.99 Idaho ..............: 20.50 4.30 21.40 4.39 21.10 4.34 Illinois ...........: 20.10 4.25 21.60 4.33 20.40 4.30 Indiana ............: 22.00 4.11 23.50 4.27 22.50 4.21 Iowa ...............: 18.90 4.45 21.50 4.51 20.50 4.47 Kansas .............: 19.60 4.28 21.20 4.49 20.30 4.42 : Michigan ...........: 20.80 4.19 22.90 4.33 21.70 4.30 Minnesota ..........: 19.40 4.50 21.80 4.57 21.00 4.56 New Mexico .........: 19.40 4.01 20.50 4.15 19.80 4.11 New York ...........: 22.20 4.26 23.10 4.40 22.10 4.34 Ohio ...............: 21.30 4.09 23.80 4.30 22.50 4.28 Oregon .............: 22.30 4.35 23.00 4.49 21.80 4.44 Pennsylvania .......: 21.80 4.17 22.90 4.35 21.60 4.24 South Dakota .......: 19.40 4.72 21.90 4.66 21.00 4.65 Texas ..............: 21.20 4.31 22.40 4.51 21.70 4.47 Utah ...............: 20.30 4.17 22.10 4.24 20.40 4.19 : Vermont ............: 22.60 4.33 23.80 4.46 22.40 4.41 Virginia ...........: 25.20 4.06 25.70 4.19 24.60 4.10 Washington .........: 21.90 4.26 22.40 4.39 21.30 4.33 Wisconsin ..........: 18.60 4.23 21.80 4.36 20.60 4.36 : United States ......: 20.40 4.24 22.00 4.36 21.00 4.32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : April 2024 : January 2025 : April 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 2,100 2,800 2,900 California .........: 1,900 2,600 2,700 Colorado ...........: 2,000 2,600 2,700 Florida ............: 2,350 2,580 2,900 Georgia ............: 2,320 2,480 2,730 Idaho ..............: 2,100 2,550 2,850 Illinois ...........: 2,100 2,510 2,730 Indiana ............: 2,290 2,670 2,880 Iowa ...............: 2,170 2,690 2,960 Kansas .............: 2,000 2,350 2,550 : Michigan ...........: 2,320 2,760 3,070 Minnesota ..........: 2,150 2,590 2,810 New Mexico .........: 1,800 2,500 2,500 New York ...........: 2,320 2,800 3,050 Ohio ...............: 2,160 2,560 2,930 Oregon .............: 1,850 2,600 2,900 Pennsylvania .......: 2,190 2,720 2,860 South Dakota .......: 2,000 2,500 2,600 Texas ..............: 2,050 2,600 2,800 Utah ...............: 1,800 2,400 2,600 : Vermont ............: 2,340 2,930 2,970 Virginia ...........: 2,100 2,700 2,760 Washington .........: 1,950 2,650 2,900 Wisconsin ..........: 2,380 2,860 3,130 : United States ......: 2,120 2,660 2,870 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2025, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2025, the 10-average includes the years 2015-2024). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : April : March : April : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.522 20.30 20.80 21.00 29 27 27 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 49.30 51.40 51.80 35 28 27 Corn .................bushel: 0.392 15.00 15.60 15.70 29 29 29 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.064 2.47 2.55 2.57 33 24 25 American Pima .......pound: 0.137 5.46 5.46 5.50 32 27 26 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.020 0.759 0.798 0.803 36 33 32 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.34 87.70 93.30 94.00 34 29 29 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.73 103.00 109.00 110.00 35 31 30 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.55 91.80 102.00 102.00 46 37 35 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.71 66.40 68.20 68.70 31 33 31 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.206 7.55 8.22 8.27 34 33 33 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.143 5.50 5.70 5.74 28 25 25 Mohair ................pound: 0.505 18.80 20.10 20.30 34 32 32 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.049 1.780 1.950 1.970 34 37 37 Barley ...............bushel: 0.492 18.50 19.60 19.80 42 31 29 Canola ..................cwt: 1.85 70.20 73.80 74.30 31 27 28 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.50 740.00 738.00 743.00 24 34 34 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.05 115.00 122.00 122.00 39 28 28 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.13 43.60 45.10 45.40 28 29 30 Oats .................bushel: 0.292 11.20 11.60 11.70 35 31 30 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.15 40.60 45.90 46.20 26 23 23 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.703 26.80 28.00 28.20 32 27 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 0.968 37.60 38.60 38.90 31 26 26 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 1.99 77.00 79.40 79.90 26 33 34 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.15 41.00 45.90 46.20 36 34 27 Lemons ..................box: 2.07 79.70 82.60 83.10 14 16 16 Oranges .................box: 1.150 42.90 45.90 46.20 24 30 30 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 12.10 455.00 483.00 486.00 41 42 43 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.97 2.07 2.09 39 37 38 Calves ..................cwt: 18.00 672.00 718.00 723.00 47 53 54 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.124 4.33 4.95 4.98 51 91 83 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.13 202.00 205.00 206.00 33 33 32 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.067 2.660 2.670 2.690 21 26 27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.495 18.50 19.70 19.90 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.12 114.00 124.00 125.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.23 88.00 88.90 89.60 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.568 22.60 22.70 22.80 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.23 83.90 88.90 89.60 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.60 63.00 63.80 64.30 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.02 77.80 80.60 81.10 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.182 7.02 7.26 7.31 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 9.60 10.00 10.10 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.185 7.02 7.38 7.43 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.184 7.02 7.34 7.39 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 8.58 8.93 9.00 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.266 9.60 10.60 10.70 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.80 767.00 790.00 795.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 127.00 4,670.00 5,060.00 5,100.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 212.00 8,240.00 8,450.00 8,510.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 206.00 8,270.00 8,220.00 8,270.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.026 1.060 1.040 1.040 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.05 117.00 122.00 122.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 270.00 9,680.00 10,770.00 10,840.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 85.70 3,170.00 3,420.00 3,440.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 165.00 5,810.00 6,580.00 6,630.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 98.20 3,510.00 3,920.00 3,940.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 107.00 4,210.00 4,270.00 4,300.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : April : March : April : : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.054 1.94 2.15 2.17 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 121.00 4,440.00 4,830.00 4,860.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 58.90 2,300.00 2,350.00 2,370.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 104.00 3,710.00 4,150.00 4,180.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 10.90 410.00 435.00 438.00 Processing .......................cwt: 4.04 154.00 161.00 162.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.10 158.00 164.00 165.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.43 131.00 137.00 138.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.215 8.92 8.57 8.63 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 200.00 8,270.00 7,980.00 8,030.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.226 9.18 9.01 9.08 Walnuts ............................ton: 152.00 6,910.00 6,060.00 6,100.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 3.42 111.00 136.00 137.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 5.09 179.00 203.00 204.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.20 85.00 87.70 88.40 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.44 89.90 97.30 98.00 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.86 108.00 114.00 115.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.73 63.80 69.00 69.50 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.16 160.00 166.00 167.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Tobacco, Dark Air-cured: December 1 to February 28 for the United States and all States. Tobacco, Flue-cured: July 1 to November 30 for the United States and all States. Tobacco, Fire-cured: December 1 to March 31 for the United States; January 1 to March 31 for Kentucky and Tennessee; December 1 to January 31 for Virginia. Tobacco, Light Air-cured: November 1 to May 31 for the United States; November 1 to February 28 for Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; March 1 to May 31 for Pennsylvania. Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound : Georgia 1/ .............................: 2.070 2.270 (NA) Kentucky ...............................: 2.471 2.556 2.618 North Carolina .........................: 2.100 2.140 2.290 Pennsylvania 1/ ........................: 3.338 3.507 (NA) South Carolina 1/ ......................: 2.030 2.140 (NA) Tennessee ..............................: 2.713 2.892 2.846 Virginia ...............................: 2.332 2.365 2.300 : United States ..........................: 2.265 2.304 2.400 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class and Type : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia 1/ ...........................: 2.070 2.270 (NA) North Carolina .......................: 2.100 2.140 2.290 South Carolina 1/ ....................: 2.030 2.140 (NA) Virginia .............................: 2.330 2.360 2.300 : United States ........................: 2.119 2.166 2.291 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky .............................: 2.850 2.960 2.990 Tennessee ............................: 2.900 (D) 3.090 Virginia 1/ ..........................: 2.880 (D) (NA) : Other States 2/ ......................: (X) 3.072 (X) : United States ........................: 2.870 3.009 3.031 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 2.210 2.390 2.480 North Carolina 1/ ....................: 2.240 2.030 (NA) Pennsylvania 1/ ......................: 2.250 2.500 (NA) Tennessee ............................: 2.170 (D) 2.450 Virginia 1/ ..........................: 2.160 (D) (NA) : Other States 2/ ......................: (X) 2.409 (X) : United States ........................: 2.209 2.395 2.477 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt 1/ : Pennsylvania .........................: 2.290 2.370 (NA) : United States ........................: 2.290 2.370 (NA) : Total light air-cured (31-32) ..........: 2.209 2.395 2.477 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky .............................: 2.610 2.730 2.760 Tennessee ............................: 2.550 2.720 2.670 : United States ........................: 2.587 2.728 2.740 : Class 4, Cigar filler 1/ : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 4.050 4.180 (NA) : United States ........................: 4.050 4.180 (NA) : All tobacco : United States ........................: 2.265 2.304 2.400 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. 2/ Includes data withheld above. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. April Prices Paid by Farmers The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 148.4, is up 0.5 percent from March 2025 and 5.8 percent from April 2024. Production: The April index, at 146.1, is up 0.8 percent from March and 7.0 percent above last year. Higher prices for feeder cattle, milk cows, nitrogen, and hay & forages more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs, complete feeds, other services, and LP gas. Feed: At 115.2, the April index decreased 0.4 percent from March and 0.9 percent from last April. Since March, lower prices for complete feeds, concentrates, and supplements more than offset higher prices for hay & forages and feed grains. Livestock and poultry: The April index, at 220.1, increased 3.4 percent from March and 19 percent from last year. Since March, higher prices for feeder cattle and milk cows more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs. The April feeder cattle price, at $321.00 per cwt, is up $15.00 per cwt from the March price. The April feeder pigs price, at $213.00 per cwt, is down $43.00 per cwt from March. Fertilizer: The index for April, at 108.1, is up 1.6 percent from March and 4.7 percent from April a year ago. Since March, higher prices for nitrogen and mixed fertilizer more than offset lower prices for potash & phosphate. Chemicals: The April index, at 116.5, is up 0.7 percent from March but down 0.1 percent from last April. Fuels: At 87.6, the April index is down 0.3 percent from March and 8.2 percent from April 2024. Compared with March, prices are lower for LP gas and diesel but higher for gasoline. Machinery: The index for April, at 170.7, decreased 0.1 percent from March but increased 0.4 percent from last April. Compared with last month, prices are lower for self-propelled machinery and tractors but higher for other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The April 2025 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 320.795 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : April : March : April : April : March : April Ratios : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3796 3998 4016 140.3 147.7 148.4 Production ....................: 2843 3018 3040 136.6 145.0 146.1 Feed ........................: 1278 1273 1267 116.2 115.7 115.2 Livestock and poultry .......: 3643 4198 4341 184.7 212.8 220.1 Seeds .......................: 4401 4401 4401 133.8 133.8 133.8 Fertilizer ..................: 1244 1283 1303 103.2 106.4 108.1 Chemicals ...................: 1045 1038 1045 116.6 115.7 116.5 Fuels .......................: 2668 2458 2449 95.4 87.9 87.6 Supplies and repairs ........: 1719 1732 1738 145.6 146.7 147.2 : Autos and trucks ............: 3960 3960 3973 128.8 128.8 129.2 Machinery ...................: 10384 10430 10424 170.0 170.8 170.7 Building materials ..........: 3888 3948 3951 167.0 169.6 169.7 Services and rent ...........: 3344 3467 3455 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 147.1 152.9 152.2 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.6 141.7 141.7 : Interest 1/ ...................: 5764 5455 5455 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes 2/ ......................: 9587 10066 10066 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ....................: 12149 12674 12494 169.6 176.9 174.4 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2979 3039 3048 139.4 142.2 142.6 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3960 4189 4209 140.4 148.5 149.2 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 88 97 93 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 33 37 35 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 34 40 38 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1979 2140 2132 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.5 142.9 142.9 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 143.3 152.7 154.1 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 141.5 154.1 156.5 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 133.7 138.9 139.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : April : March : April : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 76.036 75.027 136.6 136.9 146.1 : Feed ......................: 14.590 14.164 116.2 115.7 115.2 Feed grains .............: 2.086 2.026 77.3 77.2 77.9 Complete feeds ..........: 7.149 6.941 123.1 129.2 127.0 Hay and forages .........: 1.824 1.771 118.6 103.3 107.6 Concentrates ............: 2.305 2.238 120.5 111.6 111.0 Supplements .............: 1.226 1.190 130.0 128.9 128.5 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.438 10.997 184.7 212.8 220.1 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.352 8.567 192.7 223.4 234.3 Feeder pigs .............: 0.755 0.880 168.6 182.9 152.1 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.765 0.891 149.3 187.3 202.1 Poultry .................: 0.566 0.660 149.6 149.6 149.6 : Seeds .....................: 4.766 4.983 133.8 133.8 133.8 Field crops .............: 4.318 4.515 132.4 132.4 132.4 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.448 0.468 147.4 147.4 147.4 Fertilizer ................: 8.927 6.421 103.2 106.4 108.1 Mixed fertilizer ........: 3.928 2.825 103.9 105.8 107.1 Nitrogen ................: 3.749 2.697 102.7 107.4 110.6 Potash and phosphate ....: 1.250 0.899 102.4 105.3 103.7 Chemicals .................: 4.695 4.074 116.6 115.7 116.5 Herbicides ..............: 2.958 2.567 122.8 121.9 122.7 Insecticides ............: 1.080 0.937 112.9 112.1 112.8 Fungicides and other ....: 0.657 0.570 95.0 94.3 94.9 : Fuels .....................: 3.668 3.099 95.4 87.9 87.6 Diesel ..................: 2.283 1.929 92.9 83.2 82.8 Gasoline ................: 0.768 0.649 99.7 86.1 88.1 LP gas ..................: 0.617 0.521 99.1 107.6 104.7 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.176 4.318 145.6 146.7 147.2 Supplies ................: 1.399 1.447 142.1 144.4 145.5 Repairs .................: 2.777 2.871 147.4 147.9 148.1 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.074 1.091 128.8 128.8 129.2 Autos ...................: 0.140 0.142 121.4 121.8 122.4 Trucks ..................: 0.934 0.949 129.9 129.8 130.2 : Machinery .................: 4.501 4.884 170.0 170.8 170.7 Tractors ................: 0.990 1.075 140.6 140.3 140.3 Self-propelled ..........: 1.800 1.954 159.7 162.2 161.7 Other machinery .........: 1.710 1.856 197.9 197.3 197.7 Building materials ........: 3.485 3.531 167.0 169.6 169.7 Services ..................: 10.726 11.304 147.1 152.9 152.2 Custom rates ............: 1.105 1.164 143.5 143.5 143.5 Other services ..........: 9.621 10.140 147.5 154.0 153.1 Rent ......................: 5.990 6.161 137.6 141.7 141.7 Cash ....................: 3.217 3.308 140.3 143.3 143.3 Share ...................: 2.773 2.852 134.4 139.8 139.8 : Interest ....................: 2.032 2.370 158.0 149.6 149.6 Taxes .......................: 2.923 3.092 161.6 169.6 169.6 Wage rates ..................: 6.436 6.848 169.6 176.9 174.4 Family living-CPI ...........: 12.574 12.663 139.4 142.2 142.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 6.0 6.4 6.6 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 16.6 57.5 35.9 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 15.2 14.7 14.2 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.13 2.46 2.27 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 42.6 44.6 45.7 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 4.8 6.3 6.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.768 0.763 0.791 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 1.79 5.96 3.75 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 66.90 67.00 65.50 Milk, all .......................cwt: 20.40 22.00 21.00 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 187.00 204.00 211.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.558 0.683 0.734 : Corn .........................bushel: 4.39 4.57 4.62 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 195.00 167.00 180.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 11.80 10.20 10.20 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 5.90 5.71 5.61 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: April 2025 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : April 2024 : March 2025 : April 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 264.00 306.00 321.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 236.00 256.00 213.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2025 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 4.9 4.2 4.4 2.4 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 2021: 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.1 3.8 2022: 5.3 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.9 2023: 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.5 2024: 5.3 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.1 2025: 6.8 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Market Egg 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 5.6 7.4 18.7 10.1 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 8.5 7.7 4.7 7.8 2021: 6.5 6.3 7.5 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.1 5.8 6.2 5.3 7.0 9.3 5.8 2022: 9.8 8.5 9.2 13.8 11.4 11.4 16.1 11.2 17.0 19.7 23.6 32.2 15.3 2023: 19.6 16.0 17.7 8.2 5.0 6.7 6.6 8.1 7.6 7.8 13.8 14.4 11.0 2024: 17.2 21.3 20.0 16.6 13.9 18.2 22.8 35.0 20.5 28.7 33.7 47.3 24.6 2025: 66.1 71.9 57.5 35.9 57.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkey 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.2 7.3 6.9 7.9 2021: 6.5 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.2 2022: 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.5 6.6 7.4 8.2 8.1 7.7 6.6 2023: 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.3 5.8 6.1 5.8 5.2 3.7 6.3 2024: 4.2 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.0 5.1 2025: 4.9 5.0 6.3 6.7 5.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 2.42 2.35 2.25 1.85 1.77 2.37 2.70 2.52 2.30 2.51 2.60 2.19 2.32 2021: 2.00 1.80 1.76 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.66 1.84 1.92 1.96 1.74 2022: 2.13 2.04 2.02 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.77 1.69 1.71 1.90 1.92 1.83 1.89 2023: 1.71 1.57 1.55 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.37 1.66 1.88 2.01 2.10 1.97 1.67 2024: 1.96 2.11 2.15 2.13 2.24 2.36 2.50 2.79 3.00 2.95 2.88 2.73 2.48 2025: 2.82 2.68 2.46 2.27 2.56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hog-Corn 5/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 12.6 12.0 13.0 12.9 15.9 13.1 12.4 13.8 14.6 15.6 13.7 12.4 13.5 2021: 11.8 11.9 13.7 14.2 13.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 12.9 13.0 11.1 10.3 12.7 2022: 10.5 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.4 11.9 10.4 10.9 10.3 9.5 10.8 2023: 8.8 8.8 9.3 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.9 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.3 11.1 10.6 2024: 11.2 13.3 14.4 15.2 15.1 15.4 16.2 17.7 16.2 16.0 16.1 14.7 15.1 2025: 14.2 14.4 14.7 14.2 14.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steer & Heifer-Corn 6/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 33.0 32.3 31.0 33.7 34.7 34.8 30.5 33.3 30.8 29.9 28.8 28.0 31.7 2021: 26.4 24.2 23.7 22.8 20.5 20.5 20.4 19.8 23.2 25.1 25.1 25.8 23.1 2022: 24.9 23.2 21.6 20.1 19.8 19.2 19.9 19.9 20.5 22.8 23.7 24.0 21.6 2023: 24.1 23.8 25.0 26.1 27.1 28.4 29.6 32.5 35.3 37.7 39.5 36.7 30.5 2024: 37.1 41.7 43.1 42.6 41.7 42.6 46.1 50.0 46.5 47.4 46.7 45.6 44.3 2025: 47.1 45.0 44.6 45.7 45.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 2/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight. Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch ............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn - Flaxseed, Mustard Seed................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans..................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley................................................................................. (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.......................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice................................................................. (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................. (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower................................................. (202) 720-7369 Vacant, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................................................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco................................................................................ (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes.................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Chris Hawthorn - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.............................................................. (202) 720-2127 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................ (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes........................................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................................. (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Vacant, Head, Livestock Section........................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed.................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................. (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs.......................................................................... (202) 221-9297 Vacant, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section................................................... (202) 720-2127 Fatema Haque - Turkeys.................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Seth Riggins - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers............................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Julie Weber, Head, Economics Section...................................................................... (202) 720-7216 Yukun Fung - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 720-6881 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 690-0726 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 973-4588 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. If you have specific questions you would like an expert to respond to, please visit our "Ask A Specialist" website at www.nass.usda.gov/Contact_Us/Ask_a_Specialist. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690- 7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/