Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released January 31, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). December Prices Received Index Up 5.3 Percent The December Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 126.5, increased 5.3 percent from November and 12 percent from December 2023. At 92.7, the Crop Production Index was down 1.8 percent from last month and 8.7 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 172.1, increased 8.3 percent from November and 33 percent from December last year. Producers received higher prices during December for market eggs, corn, broilers, and calves, but lower prices for lettuce, milk, hogs, and broccoli. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In December, there was increased monthly movement for market eggs, broilers, milk, and oranges, and decreased marketing of corn, grapes, soybeans, and calves. December Prices Paid Index Up 0.7 Percent The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 141.1, is up 0.7 percent from November 2024 and 1.5 percent from December 2023. Higher prices in December for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, complete feeds, and feed grains more than offset lower prices for concentrates, gasoline, hay & forages, and diesel. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December : November : December Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 113.1 120.1 126.5 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 139.0 140.1 141.1 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 81 86 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. ..................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024................................................................ .................................................... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024................................................................ ........................................................ 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................... 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................... 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .......................................................... 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................ 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................ 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................................. 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ...................................................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ....................................................... 15 Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................... 15 Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ......................................................... 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ................................................................ 16 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 16 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .................................................... 16 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................. 16 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ..................................................... 17 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ..................................................... 17 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................... 18 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2024................................................................ ..................................................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2023................................................................ ........................................................ 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2024................................................................ ........................................................ 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2024................................................................ ........................................................ 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2025 with Comparisons............................................................. .............................................................. 20 Parity Price Overview..................................................................... ............................................................................. ........................................... 21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ..................................................... 22 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. . 23 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities.................................................................. ............................................................................. ........................... 25 Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 through 2023................................................................. ............................................................................. .......................................... 25 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ........................................................ All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ..................................................... 26 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ........................................... 26 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2023 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ..................................... 27 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025............................................................ ............................................................................. ........................................... 27 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024..................................................... ..................................................... 28 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 ................................................................... ............................................................................. ..................................................... 30 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. ......................... 31 Prices Paid by Farmers...................................................................... ............................................................................. ......................................... 32 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ........................................................ 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ....................................... 34 Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ............................................................................. ....... 35 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons 35 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons............................................................. ..................................................................... 35 Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2019-2024..................................................... ............................................................................. ...... 36 Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2023 and 2024................................................................ .................................................................. 36 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024..................................................... ......................................................... 37 Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024..................................................... ............................................................................. ..................................................... 40 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 ................................................................... ............................................................................. ..................................................... 44 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2025..................................................... ............................................................................. ............... 47 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates.................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................. 48 Information Contacts..................................................................... ............................................................................. ............................................ 49 December Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The December index, at 92.7, is down 1.8 percent from November and 8.7 percent from December 2023. The vegetable & melon, fruit & tree nut, and other crop index decreases more than offset the grain & oilseed index increase. Grain and oilseed: The December index, at 75.2, is up 2.6 percent from November but down 18 percent from December 2023. The higher feed grain index more than offset the lower food grain and oilseed indexes. Feed grain: The December index, at 70.9, increased 4.1 percent from last month but decreased 12 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $4.23 per bushel, is up 16 cents from last month, but down 57 cents from December 2023. Food grain: At 86.4, the index for December decreased 3.2 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from a year ago. The December price for rice, at $15.40 per cwt, is down 40 cents from November and $1.80 from December 2023. The December price for all wheat, at $5.49 per bushel, is up 4 cents from November but down $1.30 from December 2023. Oilseed: At 78.7, the index for December decreased 0.1 percent from November and 25 percent from December 2023. The soybean price, at $9.79 per bushel, is 5 cents lower than November and $3.31 lower than December a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The December index, at 151.6, is down 7.9 percent from November but up 9.5 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during December for grapefruit, oranges and grapes more than offset price increases for lemons, strawberries and apples. Vegetable and melon: At 171.1, the index for December is down 23 percent from the previous month but up 20 percent from December 2023. Price decreases during December for lettuce, broccoli, and cucumbers more than offset price increases for cauliflower, onions, celery, and potatoes. Other crop: The December index, at 86.1, is down 3.3 percent from the previous month and 15 percent from December 2023. The all hay price, at $157.00 per ton, is $2.00 lower than November and $38.00 lower than December 2023. At 62.4 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 3.2 cents lower than November and 11.4 cents lower than December 2023. Livestock production: The index for December, at 172.1, increased 8.3 percent from the previous month and 33 percent from December a year earlier. The poultry & egg index increase more than offset the meat animal and dairy index decreases. Meat animal: At 145.6, the December index decreased 2.2 percent from the previous month but increased 12 percent from a year earlier. At $62.30 per cwt, the December hog price is down $3.10 from November, but up $9.00 from a year earlier. The December beef cattle price of $190.00 per cwt is $2.00 higher than the previous month and $18.00 higher than December 2023. Dairy: The index for December, at 115.9, is down 3.7 percent from the previous month but up 14 percent from December a year ago. The December all milk price of $23.30 per cwt is 90 cents lower than November but $2.90 higher than December 2023. Poultry and egg: At 253.1, the December index increased 24 percent from November and 65 percent from December 2023. The December market egg price, at $4.61 per dozen, is up $1.39 from November and $2.90 from a year ago. The December broiler price, at 75.3 cents per pound, is 1.9 cents higher than November and 3.1 cents higher than a year ago. At 50.9 cents per pound, the December turkey price is 5.5 cents lower than the previous month but 3.8 cents higher than December 2023. Food Commodities: The index, at 148.0, increased 4.1 percent from the previous month and 19 percent from December 2023. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 113.1 120.1 126.5 Crop production ..............: 101.5 94.4 92.7 Grain and oilseed ..........: 91.1 73.3 75.2 Feed grain ...............: 80.4 68.1 70.9 Food grain ...............: 102.3 89.3 86.4 Oilseed ..................: 104.2 78.8 78.7 Fruit and tree nut .........: 138.5 164.6 151.6 Vegetable and melon ........: 143.1 221.3 171.1 Other crop .................: 101.2 89.0 86.1 : Livestock production .........: 129.2 158.9 172.1 Meat animal ................: 129.8 148.8 145.6 Cattle ...................: 153.3 171.7 172.0 Hog ......................: 80.2 98.3 93.7 Dairy ......................: 101.5 120.4 115.9 Poultry and egg ............: 153.4 204.2 253.1 : Food commodity .................: 124.3 142.2 148.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1168 1240 1306 Crop production ..............: 885 823 808 Livestock production .........: 1502 1846 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 124.4 111.8 118.1 97.8 135.7 136.5 131.6 125.4 February ......: 126.4 120.3 120.8 100.9 132.6 141.3 131.7 133.6 March .........: 128.1 122.1 118.9 99.8 137.7 144.5 134.0 135.4 April .........: 130.8 122.5 126.4 101.5 135.1 142.6 136.5 134.0 May ...........: 127.1 123.7 121.0 103.5 133.0 142.9 132.1 135.4 June ..........: 127.5 126.7 121.2 107.0 134.4 147.7 132.5 140.0 July ..........: 125.0 123.0 119.8 99.9 131.7 152.1 130.5 136.5 August ........: 125.7 127.8 118.4 99.8 133.7 158.2 133.2 143.9 September .....: 121.9 120.6 113.2 98.7 132.4 146.2 130.1 133.7 October .......: 114.0 112.4 104.3 89.4 132.5 155.0 123.1 126.1 November ......: 114.0 120.1 101.4 94.4 133.5 158.9 128.5 142.2 December ......: 113.1 126.5 101.5 92.7 129.2 172.1 124.3 148.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 141.7 139.2 140.0 135.2 142.3 137.4 141.0 141.0 February ......: 141.7 139.9 139.9 136.0 141.6 137.6 141.7 142.3 March .........: 141.6 140.6 139.8 136.8 141.0 138.0 142.3 143.4 April .........: 141.1 140.2 139.2 136.6 139.6 137.9 142.6 142.8 May ...........: 140.2 140.2 138.1 136.5 138.7 137.7 141.8 142.9 June ..........: 139.8 139.9 137.4 136.1 137.6 137.5 142.0 142.5 July ..........: 140.0 139.6 137.1 135.8 137.6 137.5 142.5 142.0 August ........: 140.1 138.3 137.2 133.9 137.9 137.0 142.4 139.6 September .....: 140.1 137.9 137.1 133.5 137.8 136.9 142.4 139.1 October .......: 140.2 139.6 137.1 135.6 138.3 137.3 142.2 142.1 November ......: 139.7 140.1 136.4 136.2 138.1 137.3 141.3 143.2 December ......: 139.0 141.1 135.6 137.4 138.2 137.4 139.9 145.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 6.75 6.25 6.45 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 4.62 3.78 3.55 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 7.27 6.72 6.98 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 42.70 37.30 38.00 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 23.90 19.70 19.30 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 36.50 31.90 33.10 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 36.10 34.20 35.20 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 38.80 25.00 28.80 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 4.80 4.07 4.23 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.738 0.656 0.624 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 209.00 221.00 224.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 13.40 11.70 12.30 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 195.00 159.00 157.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 206.00 165.00 164.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 174.00 147.00 145.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 39.10 35.70 36.60 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 3.98 3.50 3.19 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.237 0.252 0.239 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 15.40 13.60 13.90 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 17.20 15.80 15.40 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 15.60 14.20 13.90 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 21.00 20.60 21.10 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 8.70 7.32 7.20 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 13.10 9.84 9.79 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 24.00 18.50 21.50 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 6.79 5.45 5.49 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 6.19 5.30 5.27 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 9.67 6.79 6.66 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 7.09 5.56 5.69 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 6.22 5.32 5.22 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.93 5.46 5.57 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 7.11 5.58 5.72 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 6.23 5.21 5.33 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 27.85 34.09 26.79 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 22.26 19.84 27.61 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 9.74 21.91 13.33 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.639 0.734 0.741 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 3,690.00 3,080.00 2,990.00 Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,270.00 1,660.00 1,630.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 289.00 301.00 321.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 116.00 111.00 85.00 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 71.60 171.00 115.00 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) 33.10 (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 57.10 68.70 72.70 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 72.00 104.00 130.00 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 73.10 83.80 88.90 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 60.50 57.60 73.40 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 35.90 29.20 22.50 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 21.10 77.50 30.50 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 38.60 32.30 33.70 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 11.30 9.50 10.40 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 108.00 143.00 147.00 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 280.00 334.00 356.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 172.00 188.00 190.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 101.00 124.00 121.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 176.00 190.00 193.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 53.30 65.40 62.30 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 53.50 65.30 62.90 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 48.90 66.10 50.60 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 20.40 24.20 23.30 Fat test ........................percent: 4.46 4.35 4.39 4.46 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.722 0.734 0.753 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.87 3.14 4.33 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 1.71 3.22 4.61 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.471 0.564 0.509 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 1.50 2.84 3.44 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 124 111 126 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 20.00 23.20 22.80 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 102 104 102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 8.48 8.81 6.77 5.58 6.63 4.74 12.90 14.50 12.80 February ...: 9.16 8.54 6.34 6.09 6.80 4.36 14.70 15.10 11.90 March ......: 9.93 8.35 6.01 6.56 6.67 4.36 15.40 14.90 11.80 April ......: 10.20 8.31 5.90 7.07 6.70 4.39 15.80 14.90 11.80 May ........: 10.90 8.07 6.19 7.26 6.54 4.51 16.10 14.40 11.90 June .......: 9.61 7.67 5.86 7.38 6.49 4.48 16.40 14.20 11.80 July .......: 8.69 7.61 5.52 7.25 6.22 4.23 15.50 14.70 11.30 August .....: 8.55 7.34 5.23 7.24 5.73 3.84 15.30 14.10 10.30 September ..: 8.78 7.06 5.36 7.09 5.21 3.98 14.20 13.20 10.20 October ....: 9.18 6.96 5.47 6.49 4.93 3.99 13.50 12.70 9.91 November ...: 9.15 6.52 5.45 6.49 4.66 4.07 14.00 13.00 9.84 December ...: 8.97 6.79 5.49 6.58 4.80 4.23 14.40 13.10 9.79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 135.00 156.00 172.00 58.80 58.50 53.00 February .: 137.00 158.00 178.00 68.60 59.60 58.20 March ....: 139.00 164.00 185.00 75.10 61.70 62.80 April ....: 139.00 171.00 185.00 76.20 57.00 66.90 May ......: 141.00 173.00 186.00 75.90 58.80 67.90 June .....: 140.00 181.00 189.00 78.70 64.60 68.80 July .....: 142.00 181.00 193.00 83.00 74.30 68.40 August ...: 141.00 182.00 190.00 85.80 73.70 67.80 September : 143.00 181.00 183.00 73.80 64.90 64.30 October ..: 145.00 182.00 187.00 70.50 60.40 63.90 November .: 151.00 180.00 188.00 66.70 57.50 65.40 December .: 154.00 172.00 190.00 62.50 53.30 62.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: 5.03 (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.89 5.12 5.09 Idaho ..............: 7.15 5.61 5.50 Illinois ...........: 5.96 5.35 5.68 Indiana ............: 6.56 5.29 5.98 Kansas .............: 6.04 5.42 5.09 Michigan ...........: 5.39 5.17 5.38 Minnesota ..........: 7.14 5.31 5.67 : Missouri ...........: 6.44 5.79 5.59 Montana ............: 7.16 5.73 5.78 Nebraska ...........: 6.02 5.00 4.69 North Carolina .....: 5.94 5.09 5.17 North Dakota .......: 7.36 5.60 5.74 Ohio ...............: 5.63 5.24 5.47 Oklahoma ...........: 6.09 5.15 5.16 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 5.54 6.29 South Dakota .......: 6.60 5.07 5.46 : Texas ..............: 6.10 4.88 5.25 Washington .........: 6.02 5.08 5.21 : United States ......: 6.79 5.45 5.49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 5.03 (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (S) Colorado ...........: 5.89 5.12 5.09 Idaho ..............: 7.09 5.59 5.42 Illinois ...........: 5.96 5.35 5.68 Indiana ............: 6.56 5.29 5.98 Kansas .............: 6.04 5.42 5.09 Michigan ...........: 5.39 5.17 5.38 Missouri ...........: 6.44 5.79 5.59 Montana ............: 6.42 5.29 5.56 : Nebraska ...........: 6.02 5.00 4.69 North Carolina .....: 5.94 5.09 5.17 North Dakota .......: 6.58 5.05 5.24 Ohio ...............: 5.63 5.24 5.47 Oklahoma ...........: 6.09 5.15 5.16 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 5.54 6.29 South Dakota .......: 6.28 5.01 5.06 Texas ..............: 6.10 4.88 5.25 Washington .........: 6.00 5.08 5.16 : United States ......: 6.19 5.30 5.27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho 1/ ...........: (D) (NA) (NA) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 9.37 6.94 6.77 : United States ......: 9.67 6.79 6.66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 7.33 5.69 5.73 Minnesota ..........: 7.14 5.31 5.67 Montana ............: 7.30 6.46 6.34 North Dakota .......: 6.85 5.36 5.62 South Dakota .......: 6.80 5.10 5.72 Washington .........: 6.12 5.12 5.49 : United States ......: 7.09 5.56 5.69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (D) (D) Iowa ...............: 4.80 4.15 4.07 Michigan ...........: (D) (D) 4.44 Minnesota ..........: 3.54 2.93 3.44 Montana ............: (D) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: 4.31 (D) 3.37 New York ...........: (S) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 4.02 3.53 2.97 Oregon 1/ ..........: (S) (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania .......: (S) (D) (D) South Dakota .......: (D) 3.24 (D) Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 3.26 4.12 3.23 : United States ......: 3.98 3.50 3.19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.51 7.26 6.49 Idaho ..............: 7.30 6.63 6.91 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.38 5.48 5.47 North Dakota .......: 6.08 5.79 5.90 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: 8.28 (D) (D) : United States ......: 6.75 6.25 6.45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.51 7.26 6.49 Idaho ..............: 7.46 6.80 7.32 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 7.01 5.80 6.14 North Dakota .......: (D) 7.04 6.59 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: 8.31 (D) (D) : United States ......: 7.27 6.72 6.98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) 3.50 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: (D) (D) (D) Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.62 3.78 3.55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 5.13 4.53 4.54 Illinois ...........: 4.84 4.06 4.16 Indiana ............: 4.74 4.01 4.32 Iowa ...............: 4.89 4.12 4.27 Kansas .............: 4.79 4.25 4.27 Kentucky ...........: 5.05 4.28 4.42 Michigan ...........: 4.37 3.83 4.04 Minnesota ..........: 4.90 4.00 4.22 Missouri ...........: 4.91 4.07 4.21 Nebraska ...........: 4.89 4.17 4.30 : North Carolina .....: 5.59 4.96 5.17 North Dakota .......: 4.42 3.72 3.89 Ohio ...............: 4.64 4.03 4.31 Pennsylvania .......: 4.98 4.32 4.41 South Dakota .......: 4.40 3.79 3.98 Tennessee ..........: 4.99 4.39 4.53 Texas ..............: 5.49 4.95 4.81 Wisconsin ..........: 4.50 3.90 4.03 : United States ......: 4.80 4.07 4.23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 8.69 7.19 7.04 Nebraska ...........: 8.61 6.95 6.92 Oklahoma ...........: 8.93 7.33 (D) Texas ..............: 8.72 8.45 7.90 : United States ......: 8.70 7.32 7.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 13.30 10.00 10.10 Illinois ...........: 13.30 10.10 10.00 Indiana ............: 13.40 10.20 10.10 Iowa ...............: 13.00 9.85 9.67 Kansas .............: 12.80 9.49 9.32 Kentucky ...........: 13.30 10.30 10.40 Louisiana ..........: 13.30 10.20 (D) Michigan ...........: 13.40 9.94 10.10 Minnesota ..........: 12.80 9.73 9.52 Mississippi ........: 13.60 10.10 10.10 : Missouri ...........: 13.10 9.81 9.82 Nebraska ...........: 12.80 9.55 9.63 North Carolina .....: 12.70 9.90 9.70 North Dakota .......: 12.40 9.42 9.30 Ohio ...............: 13.10 10.10 10.10 South Dakota .......: 12.90 9.46 9.63 Tennessee ..........: 13.20 10.10 10.20 Wisconsin ..........: 13.00 9.73 9.53 : United States ......: 13.10 9.84 9.79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California 1/ ......: 92.30 (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) 38.70 Idaho ..............: 40.60 (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 45.80 38.90 39.90 Minnesota ..........: 41.60 34.10 40.10 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 40.30 34.30 33.20 Washington 2/ ......: (NA) (D) (D) : United States ......: 42.70 37.30 38.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate began in September 2024. Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------- State :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Idaho ..........: (D) (D) 13.90 Montana ........: (D) (D) (D) Nebraska .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ...: (D) 13.50 13.90 South Dakota 1/ : (D) (NA) (NA) Washington .....: (D) (D) (D) : United States ..: 15.40 13.60 13.90 ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Idaho 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Montana .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..: (D) 34.10 35.20 Washington ....: (D) (D) 37.30 : United States .: 39.10 35.70 36.60 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : California 1/ .: (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho .........: (D) (D) 32.00 Montana .......: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota ..: (D) (D) (D) Washington ....: (D) 32.80 35.20 : United States .: 36.50 31.90 33.10 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 24.20 19.90 19.40 Oklahoma 1/ ........: (S) (NA) (NA) Washington 2/ ......: (NA) 17.90 16.80 : United States ......: 23.90 19.70 19.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. 2/ Monthly estimates began in July 2024. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 13.40 11.70 12.30 : United States ......: 13.40 11.70 12.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.226 0.231 0.226 Arkansas ...........: (S) 0.246 0.257 Florida ............: 0.267 0.248 0.297 Georgia ............: 0.228 0.237 0.222 Mississippi ........: (S) 0.180 0.126 New Mexico .........: 0.318 (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.225 0.285 0.273 Oklahoma ...........: 0.218 0.159 0.288 South Carolina .....: 0.281 0.209 0.224 Texas ..............: 0.409 0.541 0.319 Virginia ...........: 0.108 0.277 0.281 : United States ......: 0.237 0.252 0.239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (D) (S) Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (D) North Dakota .......: 24.50 19.40 21.40 South Dakota .......: 20.80 17.70 21.20 : United States ......: 24.00 18.50 21.50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: 0.783 0.600 (D) 178.00 172.00 172.00 Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) 302.00 297.00 371.00 Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) (S) 236.00 240.00 California .........: (D) (D) (S) (S) 351.00 380.00 Georgia ............: 0.799 0.761 0.652 168.00 167.00 163.00 Louisiana ..........: 0.804 (D) 0.625 (S) 200.00 (S) Mississippi ........: 0.776 (D) (D) (S) 248.00 (S) North Carolina .....: 0.793 0.643 0.637 226.00 219.00 223.00 Tennessee ..........: (D) (D) (D) 240.00 264.00 220.00 Texas ..............: 0.724 0.658 0.612 253.00 224.00 235.00 : United States ......: 0.738 0.656 0.624 209.00 221.00 224.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.738 0.656 0.624 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 1,882 1,123 1,714 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.20 15.80 15.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 13,732 13,324 16,855 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 15.60 14.20 13.90 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 9,857 9,959 13,432 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 22.50 22.50 22.50 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.80 14.70 14.80 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 21.00 20.60 21.10 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 3,875 3,365 3,423 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 214.00 175.00 175.00 220.00 175.00 175.00 150.00 140.00 130.00 California ...........: 238.00 236.00 241.00 245.00 245.00 250.00 215.00 205.00 210.00 Colorado .............: 244.00 175.00 164.00 245.00 175.00 165.00 240.00 170.00 160.00 Idaho ................: 195.00 150.00 150.00 195.00 150.00 150.00 190.00 155.00 155.00 Illinois .............: 168.00 166.00 166.00 185.00 180.00 185.00 140.00 130.00 125.00 Iowa .................: 172.00 114.00 108.00 181.00 117.00 118.00 151.00 103.00 92.00 Kansas ...............: 196.00 135.00 131.00 215.00 137.00 135.00 147.00 130.00 125.00 Kentucky .............: 195.00 184.00 185.00 230.00 220.00 220.00 184.00 175.00 175.00 Michigan .............: 176.00 162.00 159.00 195.00 175.00 170.00 135.00 140.00 140.00 Minnesota ............: 159.00 100.00 100.00 172.00 122.00 117.00 132.00 78.00 69.00 : Missouri .............: 142.00 129.00 128.00 175.00 180.00 180.00 135.00 115.00 115.00 Montana ..............: 156.00 138.00 149.00 160.00 140.00 150.00 145.00 130.00 145.00 Nebraska .............: 171.00 119.00 117.00 188.00 125.00 125.00 136.00 105.00 100.00 Nevada ...............: 174.00 174.00 174.00 175.00 175.00 175.00 140.00 155.00 155.00 New Mexico ...........: 261.00 229.00 223.00 270.00 240.00 235.00 225.00 170.00 160.00 New York .............: 193.00 190.00 197.00 240.00 215.00 235.00 187.00 183.00 186.00 North Dakota .........: 112.00 91.00 89.00 117.00 93.00 92.00 86.00 75.00 71.00 Ohio .................: 176.00 187.00 182.00 190.00 210.00 205.00 165.00 170.00 165.00 Oklahoma .............: 113.00 115.00 102.00 195.00 172.00 164.00 110.00 103.00 98.00 Oregon ...............: 246.00 215.00 212.00 250.00 215.00 210.00 240.00 215.00 215.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 192.00 192.00 198.00 244.00 220.00 250.00 186.00 184.00 185.00 South Dakota .........: 159.00 107.00 103.00 170.00 115.00 110.00 132.00 91.00 90.00 Texas ................: 232.00 158.00 158.00 270.00 235.00 231.00 209.00 146.00 148.00 Utah .................: 171.00 169.00 154.00 175.00 170.00 155.00 130.00 105.00 95.00 Washington ...........: 240.00 183.00 182.00 240.00 175.00 170.00 240.00 205.00 205.00 Wisconsin ............: 148.00 146.00 140.00 187.00 157.00 152.00 148.00 103.00 93.00 Wyoming ..............: 188.00 152.00 154.00 190.00 155.00 160.00 180.00 140.00 140.00 : United States ........: 195.00 159.00 157.00 206.00 165.00 164.00 174.00 147.00 145.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 320.00 295.00 300.00 Idaho ..............: 250.00 180.00 180.00 Michigan ...........: 225.00 210.00 205.00 Minnesota ..........: 221.00 195.00 197.00 New York ...........: 315.00 315.00 317.00 Pennsylvania .......: 310.00 311.00 328.00 Texas ..............: 309.00 281.00 284.00 Wisconsin ..........: 233.00 232.00 230.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 275.00 235.00 230.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For December 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For November 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For December 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 54.10 30.13 40.87 8.03 27.85 38.47 5.99 : Lemons ..............................: 48.10 29.28 36.77 (D) 22.26 29.43 (D) : Oranges .............................: 37.20 13.37 25.36 10.62 9.74 22.38 6.85 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 63.40 35.95 51.19 (D) 34.09 49.22 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 47.70 26.01 35.62 13.40 19.84 28.13 8.95 : Oranges .............................: 41.20 24.91 29.43 (D) 21.91 26.51 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 56.50 28.94 44.39 (D) 26.79 42.42 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 54.00 34.69 41.92 (D) 27.61 34.43 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.90 17.22 23.07 15.55 13.33 20.06 11.41 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December 2023 : November 2024 : December 2024 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 19.60 4.09 24.40 4.30 23.50 4.30 California .........: 19.90 4.32 23.70 4.37 22.40 4.38 Colorado ...........: 21.30 4.19 24.90 4.13 23.70 4.19 Florida ............: 25.20 3.94 28.30 3.97 27.10 4.04 Georgia ............: 24.80 4.08 28.80 3.97 27.70 4.10 Idaho ..............: 20.30 4.47 24.10 4.50 23.30 4.57 Illinois ...........: 20.70 4.35 23.70 4.35 22.30 4.41 Indiana ............: 21.90 4.21 25.60 4.22 24.90 4.35 Iowa ...............: 19.20 4.54 23.30 4.60 22.50 4.66 Kansas .............: 19.50 4.45 24.10 4.57 22.80 4.67 : Michigan ...........: 20.20 4.23 24.20 4.28 23.30 4.37 Minnesota ..........: 19.20 4.59 23.50 4.66 22.90 4.71 New Mexico .........: 19.20 4.11 23.20 4.27 21.80 4.28 New York ...........: 22.20 4.35 25.30 4.34 24.40 4.43 Ohio ...............: 21.50 4.21 25.30 4.25 24.70 4.40 Oregon .............: 23.40 4.58 24.30 4.61 23.50 4.66 Pennsylvania .......: 21.60 4.28 25.00 4.27 24.20 4.37 South Dakota .......: 20.30 4.79 23.80 4.74 22.80 4.79 Texas ..............: 20.50 4.49 24.60 4.60 23.90 4.67 Utah ...............: 20.60 4.32 24.30 4.31 23.00 4.36 : Vermont ............: 22.40 4.34 25.50 4.39 24.60 4.45 Virginia ...........: 24.80 4.22 28.20 4.16 27.10 4.25 Washington .........: 21.90 4.46 25.30 4.52 24.20 4.55 Wisconsin ..........: 19.00 4.29 22.90 4.34 22.40 4.45 : United States ......: 20.40 4.35 24.20 4.39 23.30 4.46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2025 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2024 : October 2024 : January 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 2,000 2,500 2,800 California .........: 1,750 2,450 2,600 Colorado ...........: 1,800 2,500 2,600 Florida ............: 2,230 2,500 2,580 Georgia ............: 1,970 2,500 2,480 Idaho ..............: 1,900 2,600 2,550 Illinois ...........: 1,850 2,480 2,510 Indiana ............: 2,020 2,830 2,670 Iowa ...............: 1,860 2,700 2,690 Kansas .............: 1,850 2,350 2,350 : Michigan ...........: 2,190 2,850 2,760 Minnesota ..........: 1,850 2,610 2,590 New Mexico .........: 1,900 2,100 2,500 New York ...........: 1,940 2,650 2,800 Ohio ...............: 1,810 2,500 2,560 Oregon .............: 1,650 2,600 2,600 Pennsylvania .......: 1,970 2,590 2,720 South Dakota .......: 1,830 2,350 2,500 Texas ..............: 1,750 2,700 2,600 Utah ...............: 1,600 2,300 2,400 : Vermont ............: 1,950 2,640 2,930 Virginia ...........: 2,000 2,500 2,700 Washington .........: 1,750 2,600 2,650 Wisconsin ..........: 2,060 2,850 2,860 : United States ......: 1,890 2,600 2,660 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2024, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2024, the 10-average includes the years 2014-2023). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :December :November :December :December :November :December : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.534 20.20 20.30 20.40 34 27 27 Rice ....................cwt: 1.30 48.00 49.30 49.60 36 32 31 Corn .................bushel: 0.396 15.10 15.00 15.10 32 27 28 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.065 2.46 2.47 2.48 30 27 25 American Pima .......pound: 0.137 5.36 5.20 5.23 33 28 28 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.020 0.781 0.759 0.763 30 33 31 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.31 84.10 87.70 88.10 46 29 33 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.71 103.00 103.00 103.00 35 33 34 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.42 86.70 91.80 92.30 45 39 40 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.75 67.00 66.40 66.80 30 35 34 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.210 7.81 7.97 8.01 32 32 31 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.145 5.47 5.50 5.53 28 28 28 Mohair ................pound: 0.496 18.00 18.80 18.90 36 35 34 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.047 1.670 1.780 1.790 38 41 41 Barley ...............bushel: 0.488 18.20 18.50 18.60 37 34 35 Canola ..................cwt: 1.85 68.80 70.20 70.60 35 28 27 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.50 726.00 702.00 706.00 29 31 32 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.04 115.00 115.00 116.00 39 33 33 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.15 44.30 43.60 43.90 30 27 28 Oats .................bushel: 0.295 11.20 11.20 11.30 36 31 28 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.15 39.80 43.60 43.90 28 22 24 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.706 26.70 26.80 26.90 33 27 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 0.991 37.60 37.60 37.80 35 26 26 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.03 76.70 77.00 77.50 31 24 28 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.15 40.20 43.60 43.90 69 78 61 Lemons ..................box: 2.07 78.10 78.60 79.00 29 25 35 Oranges .................box: 1.150 42.00 43.60 43.90 23 50 30 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 12.00 439.00 455.00 458.00 39 41 41 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.93 1.97 1.98 37 37 38 Calves ..................cwt: 17.70 644.00 672.00 675.00 43 50 53 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.114 4.13 4.33 4.35 36 66 79 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.33 205.00 202.00 203.00 26 32 31 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.070 2.570 2.660 2.670 18 21 19 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.488 17.90 18.50 18.60 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.12 112.00 118.00 119.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.23 86.30 84.60 85.10 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.568 22.10 21.60 21.70 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.23 82.20 84.60 85.10 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.60 61.80 60.70 61.10 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.05 76.70 77.80 78.20 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.182 6.88 6.91 6.95 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 9.41 9.53 9.58 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.185 6.88 7.02 7.06 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.184 6.88 6.98 7.02 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 8.41 8.50 8.55 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.266 9.41 10.10 10.20 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.80 752.00 751.00 756.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 127.00 4,580.00 4,820.00 4,850.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 212.00 8,070.00 8,050.00 8,090.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 206.00 8,110.00 7,820.00 7,860.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.026 1.040 0.987 0.992 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.05 115.00 116.00 116.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 270.00 9,490.00 10,250.00 10,300.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 85.70 3,110.00 3,250.00 3,270.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 165.00 5,690.00 6,260.00 6,300.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 98.20 3,450.00 3,730.00 3,750.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 107.00 4,130.00 4,060.00 4,080.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.054 1.90 2.05 2.06 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 121.00 4,350.00 4,590.00 4,620.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 58.90 2,250.00 2,240.00 2,250.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 104.00 3,640.00 3,950.00 3,970.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 10.90 402.00 414.00 416.00 Processing .......................cwt: 4.04 151.00 153.00 154.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.44 158.00 168.00 169.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.65 128.00 139.00 139.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.215 8.74 8.16 8.20 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 200.00 8,110.00 7,590.00 7,630.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.226 9.00 8.58 8.62 Walnuts ............................ton: 152.00 6,770.00 5,770.00 5,800.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 3.42 109.00 130.00 131.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 5.09 175.00 193.00 194.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.20 83.40 83.50 84.00 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.44 88.20 92.60 93.10 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.86 106.00 109.00 109.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.73 62.50 65.70 66.00 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.16 157.00 158.00 159.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States, Arkansas, and Mississippi; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas; September 1 to August 31 for Missouri; October 1 to September 30 for California. Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 through 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2022 : 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------- : : All rice : Arkansas ..............: 16.50 15.70 California ............: 41.00 22.30 Louisiana .............: 17.00 17.10 Mississippi ...........: 16.90 16.00 Missouri ..............: 16.60 15.90 Texas .................: 17.40 17.80 : United States 1/ ......: 19.80 17.30 : Long grain : United States 1/ ......: 16.70 15.90 : Medium and short grain : California ............: 40.90 22.30 Other States 1/ .......: 18.20 17.20 : United States 1/ ......: 33.80 21.60 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on state prices weighted by marketings for August through July. All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 21.40 17.30 5,090 6,588 September .: 17.30 15.50 10,716 12,248 October ...: 16.60 15.70 15,968 12,350 November ..: 16.50 15.80 16,208 13,324 December ..: 17.20 15.40 13,732 16,855 January 3/ : 17.90 20,442 February ..: 17.30 18,543 March .....: 17.20 13,184 April .....: 17.30 10,826 May .......: 17.40 7,611 June ......: 17.20 7,446 July ......: 16.90 7,538 : MYA .......: 17.30 147,304 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2023 - November 2024. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 16.40 15.20 3,982 4,439 September .: 15.60 14.50 9,492 9,976 October ...: 15.20 14.20 11,992 9,854 November ..: 15.30 14.20 12,662 9,959 December ..: 15.60 13.90 9,857 13,432 January 3/ : 16.00 13,784 February ..: 16.30 14,286 March .....: 16.30 9,898 April .....: 16.30 8,023 May .......: 16.20 5,314 June ......: 15.90 5,129 July ......: 15.70 5,366 : MYA .......: 15.90 109,785 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2023 - November 2024. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2023-2023 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2024-2025 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 39.20 21.70 1,108 2,149 September .: 30.30 20.10 1,224 2,272 October ...: 20.80 21.60 3,976 2,496 November ..: 20.60 20.60 3,546 3,365 December ..: 21.00 21.10 3,875 3,423 January 3/ : 21.90 6,658 February ..: 20.60 4,257 March .....: 20.00 3,286 April .....: 20.00 2,803 May .......: 20.10 2,297 June ......: 20.10 2,317 July ......: 19.80 2,172 : MYA .......: 21.60 37,519 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2023 - November 2024. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2026 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2023-2024 through 2024-2025 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : California : Other States Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 1/ : 2024-2025 1/ : 2023-2024 : 2024-2025 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ------ dollars per cwt ------ : August ......: 40.60 21.90 20.80 15.10 September ...: 40.90 22.30 18.30 14.60 October .....: 22.70 22.80 18.60 17.30 November ....: 22.50 22.50 16.30 14.70 December ....: 22.50 22.50 16.80 14.80 January 3/ ..: 23.30 18.00 February ....: 22.20 18.00 March .......: 22.30 16.90 April .......: 21.80 17.00 May .........: 22.10 15.30 June ........: 21.50 14.20 July ........: 21.20 14.10 : MYA .........: 22.30 17.20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices include late reports and revised data for October 2023 - November 2024. 2/ Prices include late reports and revised data for August 2024 - November 2024. Final monthly prices and MYA price will be published in the October 2025 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 88.7 90.6 92.5 82.0 84.5 88.0 86.6 86.7 88.6 88.7 92.6 90.7 94.9 2021 ..: 89.3 94.8 97.6 104.3 106.3 107.3 106.9 109.6 108.8 106.9 108.7 112.9 109.9 2022 ..: 111.7 119.8 127.3 133.8 135.0 135.3 134.3 131.5 131.4 127.8 133.6 138.0 130.2 2023 ..: 124.4 126.4 128.1 130.8 127.1 127.5 125.0 125.7 121.9 114.0 114.0 113.1 116.3 2024 ..: 111.8 120.3 122.1 122.5 123.7 126.7 123.0 127.8 120.6 112.4 120.1 126.5 119.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 82.2 86.6 87.4 86.3 86.7 89.5 88.4 89.9 93.1 87.8 91.6 91.2 100.5 2021 ..: 88.3 97.2 98.5 105.1 106.1 107.5 106.8 110.6 108.9 106.4 107.5 106.7 114.4 2022 ..: 105.0 114.6 120.9 122.9 124.2 126.9 125.0 128.4 127.2 121.8 127.1 129.0 123.5 2023 ..: 118.1 120.8 118.9 126.4 121.0 121.2 119.8 118.4 113.2 104.3 101.4 101.5 102.9 2024 ..: 97.8 100.9 99.8 101.5 103.5 107.0 99.9 99.8 98.7 89.4 94.4 92.7 94.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grain and oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 67.4 67.2 66.1 62.5 60.9 60.6 61.4 61.8 66.1 70.4 71.7 75.0 87.0 2021 ..: 78.5 88.4 90.6 96.8 104.1 101.6 99.7 104.1 96.1 91.9 93.1 97.8 109.6 2022 ..: 99.3 109.6 116.1 122.2 124.9 126.3 120.5 121.1 116.8 109.3 111.1 113.7 113.0 2023 ..: 113.7 117.0 114.8 115.1 111.9 109.7 107.6 102.7 96.4 93.8 88.7 91.1 86.8 2024 ..: 90.2 84.2 83.4 83.9 84.4 82.6 78.1 74.0 75.4 74.9 73.3 75.2 74.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 77.8 78.6 79.3 79.6 79.1 68.8 65.1 68.0 72.5 77.1 81.4 82.5 79.8 2021 ..: 84.2 88.9 88.6 90.3 96.6 88.6 86.4 98.4 105.0 110.5 113.2 118.0 115.5 2022 ..: 118.0 120.3 127.8 131.0 138.6 129.6 118.0 118.5 119.8 126.4 128.9 129.4 123.5 2023 ..: 125.3 122.8 120.7 121.5 121.0 109.0 106.2 104.5 102.4 104.5 100.8 102.3 99.9 2024 ..: 103.1 99.7 97.2 96.8 99.5 85.3 78.1 77.8 84.0 88.6 89.3 86.4 84.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 63.1 63.1 61.6 55.1 53.6 53.2 54.7 54.1 57.9 60.8 64.1 67.2 81.4 2021 ..: 71.2 80.0 82.0 88.8 98.5 99.8 101.7 104.7 91.3 83.9 87.9 91.5 104.9 2022 ..: 93.2 101.7 109.4 117.7 120.8 122.5 120.0 121.1 118.4 108.6 108.7 110.1 109.1 2023 ..: 110.5 113.5 111.3 111.7 108.9 108.2 103.6 96.8 87.7 82.6 78.2 80.4 76.4 2024 ..: 79.5 73.6 73.7 73.9 75.5 75.3 71.5 67.0 67.7 66.9 68.1 70.9 68.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 70.9 69.3 68.5 67.6 67.4 67.7 69.0 70.5 74.1 77.0 82.0 84.3 97.5 2021 ..: 86.8 100.2 103.9 109.6 116.0 113.9 111.1 108.2 98.4 95.5 97.4 100.7 113.9 2022 ..: 103.7 117.7 122.9 125.9 127.9 130.7 123.7 122.9 113.6 108.0 111.9 114.8 115.0 2023 ..: 116.0 120.5 118.5 118.4 114.5 112.9 116.6 112.5 105.6 101.4 103.6 104.2 97.1 2024 ..: 102.2 95.3 94.6 94.7 95.7 94.3 90.9 84.3 82.2 79.5 78.8 78.7 80.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fruit and tree nut :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 113.0 129.2 127.4 121.4 121.5 135.5 146.2 141.1 142.2 145.3 145.1 135.0 137.4 2021 ..: 125.6 125.2 120.1 138.5 123.1 127.8 129.9 134.2 133.4 134.6 135.6 133.0 133.8 2022 ..: 135.8 135.8 125.8 135.3 132.3 140.3 141.9 151.5 151.1 153.9 151.5 146.3 154.2 2023 ..: 150.6 138.9 132.8 139.9 130.9 143.9 154.8 166.1 167.7 165.5 161.1 138.5 151.5 2024 ..: 127.4 128.3 115.9 117.7 118.6 147.6 160.9 168.6 166.7 156.2 164.6 151.6 154.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables & melons :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 189.5 111.9 128.7 112.0 109.4 133.5 118.9 100.9 123.8 134.5 151.5 117.1 127.1 2021 ..: 121.2 99.0 104.8 93.3 93.8 103.6 104.1 99.6 123.3 193.5 174.5 120.8 120.5 2022 ..: 130.9 130.2 173.2 127.3 126.8 127.0 136.1 141.9 160.2 239.2 304.3 300.7 175.0 2023 ..: 171.4 155.4 148.0 207.6 160.8 164.6 159.2 141.3 133.0 130.6 143.9 143.1 156.1 2024 ..: 162.4 191.8 192.1 173.8 162.4 197.4 153.6 142.4 139.7 157.6 221.3 171.1 173.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other crop :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 80.4 80.4 79.4 78.5 80.9 85.5 87.0 86.6 92.9 87.9 84.4 85.5 87.8 2021 ..: 86.7 88.7 88.8 89.5 97.6 103.0 103.3 106.0 111.5 109.2 105.7 106.5 109.5 2022 ..: 109.4 110.9 113.3 114.7 120.0 126.4 129.5 128.2 134.7 126.5 114.4 114.2 119.6 2023 ..: 111.3 113.1 116.7 121.6 125.6 131.8 126.8 115.0 121.4 112.1 99.9 101.2 111.0 2024 ..: 100.6 102.3 104.4 103.1 106.8 106.5 104.2 92.2 100.6 94.4 89.0 86.1 92.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food commodity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 96.1 95.1 97.7 84.2 87.7 92.4 90.4 90.1 92.0 93.9 100.3 95.3 97.2 2021 ..: 93.7 96.8 99.9 106.9 107.7 108.7 107.9 110.7 111.3 111.6 114.6 118.5 110.9 2022 ..: 118.7 125.3 133.3 139.6 140.5 140.2 139.4 135.1 135.2 133.7 145.2 150.2 137.4 2023 ..: 131.6 131.7 134.0 136.5 132.1 132.5 130.5 133.2 130.1 123.1 128.5 124.3 127.4 2024 ..: 125.4 133.6 135.4 134.0 135.4 140.0 136.5 143.9 133.7 126.1 142.2 148.0 134.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 98.4 94.6 97.1 78.2 82.6 86.7 84.4 83.5 83.8 90.2 93.9 90.2 88.7 2021 ..: 90.7 92.5 96.8 103.6 106.5 107.2 107.1 108.6 108.6 107.7 110.2 120.1 105.1 2022 ..: 123.6 125.6 133.9 144.8 145.6 144.5 146.2 134.9 136.6 139.2 143.6 150.8 138.9 2023 ..: 135.7 132.6 137.7 135.1 133.0 134.4 131.7 133.7 132.4 132.5 133.5 129.2 133.5 2024 ..: 136.5 141.3 144.5 142.6 142.9 147.7 152.1 158.2 146.2 155.0 158.9 172.1 149.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Meat animal :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 98.5 96.5 92.8 87.5 91.4 88.0 79.9 85.2 87.8 91.8 91.1 89.8 90.0 2021 ..: 91.7 95.3 99.8 106.2 106.8 109.9 109.7 110.2 108.3 106.2 106.9 110.1 105.3 2022 ..: 111.1 116.2 119.6 120.0 121.1 121.3 124.1 124.7 122.0 122.6 124.7 123.8 121.1 2023 ..: 122.2 124.3 129.3 131.9 135.0 142.1 146.2 147.6 142.4 142.7 139.5 129.8 136.1 2024 ..: 131.2 137.3 144.5 146.1 147.8 149.3 151.4 149.9 142.7 147.3 148.8 145.6 145.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 107.0 105.2 99.3 94.8 95.4 95.3 85.4 90.5 91.8 94.1 95.3 95.6 95.8 2021 ..: 97.2 98.7 99.5 103.8 103.1 105.5 106.6 107.8 108.9 108.7 113.3 119.8 106.1 2022 ..: 118.5 120.4 121.7 121.7 123.0 122.2 123.9 123.6 125.4 127.8 132.7 134.8 124.6 2023 ..: 136.6 138.4 144.1 150.5 152.0 158.7 158.7 160.1 160.4 163.9 161.9 153.3 153.1 2024 ..: 154.5 159.1 166.2 165.8 165.6 167.4 170.1 167.4 162.6 169.8 171.7 172.0 165.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hog :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 71.9 68.4 71.7 63.6 76.7 62.1 60.0 64.5 74.7 84.7 78.0 73.8 70.9 2021 ..: 75.5 84.8 101.1 113.7 119.2 124.4 120.3 118.8 106.5 98.5 88.1 85.0 103.0 2022 ..: 88.4 103.2 112.9 114.6 114.1 118.3 124.8 129.0 111.0 106.0 100.3 94.0 109.7 2023 ..: 88.0 89.6 92.8 85.7 88.4 97.1 111.7 110.8 97.6 90.8 86.5 80.2 93.3 2024 ..: 79.7 87.5 94.4 100.6 102.1 103.5 102.9 102.0 96.7 96.1 98.3 93.7 96.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dairy :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 97.0 93.5 88.6 71.1 67.7 90.0 102.0 92.0 87.6 98.5 104.5 90.0 90.2 2021 ..: 85.1 83.1 86.1 91.0 95.0 90.5 88.6 87.6 91.0 97.5 103.0 108.0 92.2 2022 ..: 118.9 121.9 127.4 134.3 135.3 132.8 126.9 119.9 119.9 127.4 126.4 121.9 126.1 2023 ..: 113.9 106.5 104.5 102.5 95.0 88.6 86.1 97.5 104.0 107.0 107.5 101.5 101.2 2024 ..: 100.0 102.5 103.0 102.0 109.5 113.4 113.4 117.4 126.9 125.4 120.4 115.9 112.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 99.4 91.8 112.2 67.0 79.3 81.5 79.6 74.4 73.7 81.4 91.2 90.8 85.2 2021 ..: 93.6 96.1 101.1 111.5 118.0 119.2 119.3 124.2 125.8 120.2 124.4 151.1 117.0 2022 ..: 158.9 153.0 176.9 215.7 213.3 211.9 217.4 176.0 189.2 192.2 209.5 241.7 195.7 2023 ..: 186.4 177.8 190.7 175.8 166.4 163.3 141.3 132.4 135.4 131.0 143.4 153.4 157.9 2024 ..: 170.8 177.8 176.8 169.0 161.1 171.8 180.3 200.4 165.9 188.3 204.2 253.1 184.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 915 935 955 846 872 908 893 895 914 915 955 936 980 2021 ..: 921 978 1007 1076 1097 1108 1103 1131 1122 1103 1122 1165 1135 2022 ..: 1152 1236 1313 1381 1393 1396 1386 1357 1356 1318 1378 1425 1345 2023 ..: 1283 1305 1322 1350 1311 1316 1290 1297 1258 1177 1176 1168 1201 2024 ..: 1154 1242 1260 1265 1277 1308 1270 1319 1244 1160 1240 1306 1231 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 717 755 762 753 756 780 771 784 812 765 799 795 875 2021 ..: 770 847 858 916 925 937 931 964 949 928 937 930 996 2022 ..: 916 999 1054 1071 1083 1106 1090 1119 1108 1061 1108 1125 1075 2023 ..: 1030 1053 1037 1102 1055 1056 1044 1032 987 909 884 885 896 2024 ..: 853 879 870 884 902 933 871 870 860 779 823 808 827 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 1143 1098 1128 908 959 1007 981 970 974 1048 1091 1048 1032 2021 ..: 1054 1075 1124 1203 1238 1246 1244 1262 1262 1252 1281 1396 1222 2022 ..: 1437 1460 1555 1682 1692 1678 1699 1568 1587 1618 1669 1752 1616 2023 ..: 1577 1541 1599 1570 1545 1562 1530 1553 1538 1540 1551 1502 1553 2024 ..: 1586 1642 1679 1657 1660 1716 1767 1838 1699 1801 1846 1999 1741 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. December Prices Paid by Farmers The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 141.1, is up 0.7 percent from November 2024 and 1.5 percent from December 2023. Production: The December index, at 137.4, is up 0.9 percent from November and 1.3 percent from last year. Higher prices in December for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, complete feeds, and feed grains more that offset lower prices for concentrates, gasoline, hay & forages, and diesel. Feed: At 114.3, the December index increased 0.5 percent from November but decreased 8.2 percent from last December. Since November, higher prices for complete feeds, feed grains, and supplements more than offset lower prices for concentrates and hay & forages. Livestock and poultry: The December index, at 198.7, increased 4.5 percent from November and 27 percent from last year. Since November, prices are higher for feeder cattle and feeder pigs. The December feeder cattle price, at $288.00 per cwt, is up $11.00 per cwt from the November price. The December feeder pigs price, at $211.00 per cwt, is up $38.00 per cwt from November. Fertilizer: The index for December, at 103.9, is up 0.5 percent from November but down 3.0 percent from December a year ago. Since November, higher prices for nitrogen and mixed fertilizer more than offset lower prices for potash & phosphate. Chemicals: The December index, at 126.9, is unchanged from November but up 0.5 percent from last December. Fuels: At 84.1, the December index is down 1.5 percent from November and 6.5 percent from December 2023. Compared with November, prices are lower for diesel, gasoline, and LP gas. Machinery: The index for December, at 166.4, increased 0.1 percent from November and 1.5 percent from last December. Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery and tractors, but unchanged for self-propelled machinery. Consumer Price Index: The December 2024 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, was up 2.9 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 315.605 (1982-1984=100). For the month, the index is unchanged prior to seasonal adjustments. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : December : November : December : December : November : December Ratios : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3761 3791 3816 139.0 140.1 141.1 Production ....................: 2822 2835 2860 135.6 136.2 137.4 Feed ........................: 1369 1251 1258 124.5 113.7 114.3 Livestock and poultry .......: 3096 3753 3920 156.9 190.2 198.7 Seeds .......................: 4562 4562 4562 138.7 138.7 138.7 Fertilizer ..................: 1291 1247 1253 107.1 103.4 103.9 Chemicals ...................: 1133 1138 1138 126.3 126.9 126.9 Fuels .......................: 2514 2387 2352 89.9 85.4 84.1 Supplies and repairs ........: 1712 1717 1718 145.1 145.5 145.6 : Autos and trucks ............: 3960 3944 3946 128.8 128.2 128.3 Machinery ...................: 10017 10155 10166 164.0 166.2 166.4 Building materials ..........: 3848 3890 3891 165.3 167.2 167.2 Services and rent ...........: 3188 3251 3254 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 142.8 145.7 145.8 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 127.0 129.0 129.0 : Interest 1/ ...................: 5771 5722 5722 158.3 156.9 156.9 Taxes 2/ ......................: 9061 9589 9589 152.7 161.6 161.6 Wage rates ....................: 12043 12235 12235 168.1 170.8 170.8 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2915 2998 2999 136.4 140.3 140.3 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3934 3952 3982 139.4 140.1 141.2 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 81 86 90 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 31 33 34 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 32 34 35 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 2071 1985 1989 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 138.2 137.3 137.4 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 139.9 143.2 145.0 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.6 142.9 146.0 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 134.3 132.2 132.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :December :November :December : 2023 1/ : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 74.105 76.036 135.6 136.2 137.4 : Feed ......................: 14.697 14.590 125.1 113.7 114.3 Feed grains .............: 2.102 2.086 81.6 70.3 72.3 Complete feeds ..........: 7.202 7.149 129.1 123.7 125.1 Hay and forages .........: 1.837 1.824 129.3 105.2 104.2 Concentrates ............: 2.322 2.305 138.9 121.9 119.9 Supplements .............: 1.235 1.226 143.1 126.6 127.4 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.752 9.438 162.8 190.2 198.7 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.597 7.352 178.1 202.2 210.2 Feeder pigs .............: 0.780 0.755 68.6 123.6 150.7 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.790 0.765 130.3 183.1 183.1 Poultry .................: 0.585 0.566 133.5 133.5 133.5 : Seeds .....................: 4.901 4.766 138.7 138.7 138.7 Field crops .............: 4.440 4.318 136.9 136.9 136.9 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.461 0.448 156.4 156.4 156.4 Fertilizer ................: 6.668 8.927 104.1 103.4 103.9 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.934 3.928 103.6 104.7 105.1 Nitrogen ................: 2.801 3.749 106.1 100.6 101.4 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.934 1.250 100.0 107.6 107.5 Chemicals .................: 3.637 4.695 125.6 126.9 126.9 Herbicides ..............: 2.291 2.958 137.8 139.2 139.2 Insecticides ............: 0.837 1.080 104.8 105.8 105.9 Fungicides and other ....: 0.509 0.657 105.2 106.2 106.3 : Fuels .....................: 3.042 3.668 94.0 85.4 84.1 Diesel ..................: 1.893 2.283 98.7 81.7 81.1 Gasoline ................: 0.637 0.768 91.9 84.7 83.8 LP gas ..................: 0.511 0.617 79.2 99.6 95.8 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.392 4.176 145.4 145.5 145.6 Supplies ................: 1.471 1.399 143.0 143.2 143.5 Repairs .................: 2.920 2.777 146.6 146.7 146.7 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.140 1.074 129.1 128.2 128.3 Autos ...................: 0.148 0.140 122.4 121.0 121.1 Trucks ..................: 0.992 0.934 130.1 129.3 129.4 : Machinery .................: 4.827 4.501 164.0 166.2 166.4 Tractors ................: 1.062 0.990 138.5 139.0 139.2 Self-propelled ..........: 1.931 1.800 151.1 153.7 153.7 Other machinery .........: 1.834 1.710 192.4 195.2 195.6 Building materials ........: 3.648 3.485 165.2 167.2 167.2 Services ..................: 10.954 10.726 143.2 145.7 145.8 Custom rates ............: 1.128 1.105 141.2 143.5 143.5 Other services ..........: 9.826 9.621 143.4 145.9 146.1 Rent ......................: 6.448 5.990 127.0 129.0 129.0 Cash ....................: 3.463 3.217 129.0 129.0 129.0 Share ...................: 2.986 2.773 124.7 129.0 129.0 : Interest ....................: 2.095 2.032 158.3 156.9 156.9 Taxes .......................: 3.159 2.923 152.7 161.6 161.6 Wage rates ..................: 7.114 6.436 168.1 170.8 170.8 Family living-CPI ...........: 13.526 12.574 136.5 140.3 140.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals. Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 5.1 6.6 6.7 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 14.4 33.7 47.3 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 11.1 16.1 14.7 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 1.97 2.88 2.73 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 36.7 46.7 45.6 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 3.7 5.5 4.9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.722 0.734 0.753 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 1.71 3.22 4.61 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 53.30 65.40 62.30 Milk, all .......................cwt: 20.40 24.20 23.30 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 176.00 190.00 193.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.471 0.564 0.509 : Corn .........................bushel: 4.80 4.07 4.23 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 206.00 165.00 164.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 13.10 9.84 9.79 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 6.79 5.45 5.49 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2023 :November 2024 :December 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 232.00 277.00 288.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 113.00 173.00 211.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2019-2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Feeders and stockers : Cattle and calves .......cwt:141.00 138.00 147.00 168.00 223.00 264.00 Feeder pigs .............cwt:150.00 92.10 185.00 194.00 128.00 160.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2023 and 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Survey average rates 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : Animal unit 2/ : Cow-calf : Per head :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per month : Arizona .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 15.00 (S) California ......: 24.50 26.50 (S) 30.00 27.50 28.00 Colorado ........: 20.00 22.00 23.50 25.50 21.00 23.00 Idaho ...........: 19.00 20.00 23.50 24.00 20.00 20.00 Kansas ..........: 26.00 30.00 30.50 35.00 28.50 29.50 Montana .........: 27.50 29.00 28.50 31.50 27.00 28.00 Nebraska ........: 44.50 47.00 52.00 55.50 43.50 45.00 Nevada ..........: (S) 14.00 (S) (S) 18.00 22.00 New Mexico ......: 16.50 17.50 (S) (S) 17.00 18.00 North Dakota ....: 25.00 23.00 28.50 27.50 (S) 24.50 : Oklahoma ........: 11.00 10.50 (S) 14.00 14.00 13.00 Oregon ..........: 19.50 19.50 23.00 23.00 22.00 22.50 South Dakota ....: 36.00 35.50 44.00 42.00 39.00 40.00 Texas ...........: 12.00 14.50 (S) (S) 16.00 14.00 Utah ............: 19.50 20.50 21.00 23.00 20.00 21.00 Washington ......: 16.00 16.00 (S) 19.00 (S) 18.00 Wyoming .........: 25.00 26.00 26.50 27.00 25.00 26.50 : 17-State 3/ .....: 22.00 23.40 26.40 27.30 24.20 24.20 16-State 4/ .....: 25.40 26.30 29.90 30.60 26.90 27.40 11-State 5/ .....: 21.60 22.80 24.60 25.50 22.80 23.90 9-State 6/ ......: 22.10 23.50 26.80 27.70 24.40 24.10 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ The average rates are estimates based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non-irrigated grazing land from the January Cattle Survey. 2/ Animal unit (AUM) rate includes survey rates for both animal unit and cow-calf. The rate is converted to an AUM rate using a multiplier factor of 0.833. The multiplier factor is the conversion of a 1,200 pound cow to a 1,000 pound cow. 3/ 17 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 4/ 16 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 5/ 11 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 6/ 9 Great Plains States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 110.9 110.6 109.7 108.5 108.5 108.7 109.5 109.8 110.3 111.1 112.0 112.7 110.2 2021 ..: 113.9 115.2 116.5 117.5 118.4 119.7 120.9 121.4 121.8 123.1 124.2 125.6 119.9 2022 ..: 131.3 133.4 135.3 137.9 138.2 138.6 139.0 139.6 139.1 138.9 139.2 138.7 137.4 2023 ..: 141.7 141.7 141.6 141.1 140.2 139.8 140.0 140.1 140.1 140.2 139.7 139.0 140.4 2024 ..: 139.2 139.9 140.6 140.2 140.2 139.9 139.6 138.3 137.9 139.6 140.1 141.1 139.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 110.3 109.9 108.9 107.6 107.7 107.8 108.6 108.9 109.4 110.4 111.4 112.2 109.4 2021 ..: 113.5 114.9 116.3 117.2 118.2 119.5 120.8 121.4 121.7 123.1 124.3 125.9 119.7 2022 ..: 132.4 134.6 136.6 139.5 139.5 139.8 140.2 140.9 140.3 140.0 140.3 139.9 138.7 2023 ..: 143.0 142.9 142.8 142.0 141.0 140.4 140.6 140.7 140.6 140.8 140.1 139.4 141.2 2024 ..: 139.5 140.1 140.9 140.4 140.3 139.9 139.6 138.0 137.6 139.5 140.1 141.2 139.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 107.0 106.5 105.3 103.9 104.0 104.2 104.6 105.0 105.6 106.5 107.7 108.7 105.8 2021 ..: 109.6 111.3 112.9 114.2 115.3 116.9 117.9 118.5 119.0 120.6 122.0 123.9 116.8 2022 ..: 129.1 131.7 134.1 137.9 137.9 138.2 138.3 139.2 138.5 138.0 138.3 137.9 136.6 2023 ..: 140.0 139.9 139.8 139.2 138.1 137.4 137.1 137.2 137.1 137.1 136.4 135.6 137.9 2024 ..: 135.2 136.0 136.8 136.6 136.5 136.1 135.8 133.9 133.5 135.6 136.2 137.4 135.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 106.5 106.1 105.5 105.5 104.4 103.3 103.6 103.0 104.2 107.6 110.9 113.6 106.2 2021 ..: 111.2 115.6 117.9 119.5 125.2 125.8 125.5 125.4 123.1 122.4 123.6 125.8 121.8 2022 ..: 125.2 129.1 135.0 139.4 141.3 140.6 141.3 142.9 143.7 140.9 140.5 140.2 138.3 2023 ..: 142.1 142.9 141.7 141.1 139.0 136.1 134.2 131.2 128.2 125.3 125.1 124.5 134.3 2024 ..: 122.8 119.1 117.1 115.8 118.4 117.4 116.4 114.2 113.6 114.3 113.7 114.3 116.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 107.3 104.8 98.6 88.9 90.4 90.6 93.1 95.9 97.7 99.5 102.2 103.2 97.7 2021 ..: 103.7 106.0 107.6 110.4 104.2 105.5 108.7 110.3 110.1 112.9 112.7 117.1 109.1 2022 ..: 120.9 125.8 122.7 122.4 117.4 118.2 121.6 125.3 124.2 123.9 126.7 129.6 123.2 2023 ..: 134.5 137.4 143.0 146.4 146.7 152.9 157.3 159.8 163.1 166.2 162.8 156.9 152.3 2024 ..: 165.3 176.6 184.8 183.7 180.6 179.9 178.5 170.2 168.5 183.0 190.2 198.7 180.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 2022 ..: 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 2023 ..: 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 2024 ..: 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 66.3 65.9 66.8 67.9 68.6 67.6 66.9 66.6 67.6 68.8 70.0 71.4 67.9 2021 ..: 71.8 75.1 77.6 80.5 83.8 89.3 92.6 93.3 95.7 102.4 109.8 119.1 90.9 2022 ..: 139.8 144.2 150.6 158.0 157.6 152.0 141.9 145.2 144.3 147.7 149.8 145.5 148.1 2023 ..: 135.0 126.9 120.5 115.9 111.4 104.4 99.5 99.5 98.9 102.8 104.1 107.1 110.5 2024 ..: 106.3 104.1 106.4 106.9 106.2 104.4 103.6 102.6 102.5 103.8 103.4 103.9 104.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 95.7 95.7 93.9 94.0 95.3 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 94.5 96.6 96.0 95.4 2021 ..: 98.2 94.7 98.2 99.5 98.6 102.7 101.1 103.1 105.4 110.3 110.3 110.3 102.7 2022 ..: 131.3 131.3 131.3 170.1 166.8 171.4 172.8 173.4 164.5 151.8 156.0 152.6 156.1 2023 ..: 149.7 151.7 153.3 145.1 141.4 135.9 134.0 132.4 126.4 126.5 125.6 126.3 137.4 2024 ..: 125.8 125.8 125.8 126.0 126.2 126.8 126.9 126.9 126.9 126.9 126.9 126.9 126.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 65.2 62.0 55.7 51.5 52.8 56.3 57.0 57.4 56.9 57.3 58.1 63.2 57.8 2021 ..: 62.5 66.3 72.4 71.0 72.7 76.3 79.2 79.8 82.9 89.0 88.3 83.5 77.0 2022 ..: 91.0 98.3 120.2 117.3 124.0 129.1 122.1 111.4 107.9 109.3 109.1 96.2 111.3 2023 ..: 102.9 100.6 97.1 96.9 90.9 87.5 89.9 99.4 103.3 100.1 94.0 89.9 96.0 2024 ..: 90.7 96.0 94.6 95.4 90.6 89.6 91.8 88.8 83.7 86.2 85.4 84.1 89.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 115.5 115.8 115.7 116.5 116.5 116.4 116.8 116.7 116.8 117.2 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.1 118.6 119.2 120.4 122.3 125.1 126.7 127.4 127.9 129.0 131.8 132.1 124.9 2022 ..: 133.8 135.1 135.8 138.8 139.1 139.3 140.5 140.9 141.0 141.8 141.4 141.3 139.1 2023 ..: 142.2 143.0 143.4 144.2 144.6 144.2 144.7 144.8 144.7 145.1 145.4 145.1 144.3 2024 ..: 145.6 145.3 145.2 145.6 145.9 145.7 145.9 145.3 145.5 145.6 145.5 145.6 145.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 106.2 106.6 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.1 106.5 106.2 106.2 106.8 106.9 107.6 106.5 2021 ..: 107.8 107.9 107.8 108.4 110.0 111.9 113.6 114.6 115.8 117.6 118.9 120.2 112.9 2022 ..: 120.9 121.2 121.3 122.4 123.6 124.5 125.4 126.0 126.5 127.2 127.4 127.5 124.5 2023 ..: 128.1 128.5 128.9 129.2 129.6 129.8 129.8 129.9 129.9 129.7 129.1 128.8 129.3 2024 ..: 129.0 129.0 128.8 128.8 128.6 128.6 128.5 128.3 128.2 128.0 128.2 128.3 128.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 124.1 124.1 124.3 124.3 124.3 124.8 124.8 125.2 125.0 125.8 125.5 125.8 124.8 2021 ..: 135.7 136.6 138.1 139.4 140.5 142.1 144.4 146.4 151.0 154.9 157.9 160.0 145.6 2022 ..: 142.8 147.3 147.3 150.3 149.8 152.3 153.7 154.7 155.1 159.8 159.2 158.8 152.6 2023 ..: 162.7 161.1 161.3 161.7 162.1 162.6 162.8 163.4 164.4 165.0 164.0 164.0 162.9 2024 ..: 164.1 164.2 165.1 165.4 164.7 164.9 164.8 165.1 166.1 166.1 166.2 166.4 165.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 118.5 118.8 119.5 118.8 118.8 119.3 120.0 121.6 123.7 123.4 122.8 123.8 120.8 2021 ..: 126.5 128.7 131.8 135.4 140.2 143.8 144.1 144.0 144.5 146.3 148.9 151.8 140.5 2022 ..: 157.1 160.0 163.2 163.9 165.3 164.9 165.3 166.0 165.2 164.6 163.9 163.3 163.6 2023 ..: 164.3 164.3 165.0 165.1 164.7 164.6 165.1 165.3 165.6 165.2 165.2 165.3 165.0 2024 ..: 166.6 167.2 166.7 167.0 167.0 166.7 166.3 166.8 166.7 166.9 167.2 167.2 166.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 116.5 116.3 116.3 116.0 115.6 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.7 116.6 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.0 118.6 118.8 119.7 120.2 120.4 120.7 121.5 122.1 122.1 122.9 123.7 120.7 2022 ..: 130.6 131.4 132.5 133.7 134.9 136.1 137.9 138.4 138.0 138.4 137.1 138.6 135.6 2023 ..: 142.8 143.4 143.0 142.3 142.6 143.2 142.7 142.5 143.3 143.0 143.2 142.8 142.9 2024 ..: 145.2 145.6 145.6 145.7 146.6 147.0 147.4 146.5 146.8 146.1 145.7 145.8 146.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Rent 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 2021 ..: 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 2022 ..: 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 2023 ..: 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 2024 ..: 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Ratio (paid/received) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 80 82 85 76 78 81 79 79 81 80 83 81 80 2021 ..: 78 83 84 89 90 89 88 91 89 87 88 90 87 2022 ..: 85 90 94 97 98 97 96 94 94 92 96 99 94 2023 ..: 87 89 90 93 91 91 89 90 87 81 81 81 88 2024 ..: 81 86 87 88 89 91 88 93 88 80 86 90 87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 2021 ..: 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 2022 ..: 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 131.6 2023 ..: 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 158.3 2024 ..: 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 156.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 2021 ..: 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 2022 ..: 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 146.2 2023 ..: 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 152.7 2024 ..: 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 161.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 136.6 136.6 136.6 134.7 134.7 134.7 139.6 139.6 139.6 141.8 141.8 141.8 138.2 2021 ..: 144.9 144.9 144.9 142.7 142.7 142.7 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 146.1 2022 ..: 157.6 157.6 157.6 153.9 153.9 153.9 157.6 157.6 157.6 158.4 158.4 158.4 156.9 2023 ..: 165.8 165.8 165.8 161.6 161.6 161.6 166.3 166.3 166.3 168.1 168.1 168.1 165.5 2024 ..: 174.2 174.2 174.2 169.6 169.6 169.6 169.3 169.3 169.3 170.8 170.8 170.8 171.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 114.7 115.0 114.8 114.0 114.0 114.6 115.2 115.6 115.7 115.8 115.7 115.8 115.1 2021 ..: 116.3 116.9 117.8 118.7 119.7 120.8 121.4 121.6 122.0 123.0 123.6 124.0 120.5 2022 ..: 125.0 126.2 127.8 128.6 130.0 131.8 131.7 131.7 132.0 132.5 132.4 132.0 130.1 2023 ..: 133.0 133.8 134.2 134.9 135.2 135.7 135.9 136.5 136.9 136.8 136.5 136.4 135.5 2024 ..: 137.1 138.0 138.9 139.4 139.6 139.7 139.9 140.0 140.2 140.4 140.3 140.3 139.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with farm origin 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 108.0 107.0 104.6 101.4 101.4 100.9 101.9 102.5 103.7 105.9 108.4 110.0 104.6 2021 ..: 109.7 112.7 114.3 116.0 116.8 117.5 118.4 118.9 117.7 118.3 118.8 121.3 116.7 2022 ..: 124.9 128.4 130.2 132.3 131.5 131.4 132.9 134.9 134.9 133.5 134.2 135.1 132.0 2023 ..: 139.0 140.3 141.6 142.5 141.5 142.1 142.6 141.9 141.6 141.2 139.9 137.6 141.0 2024 ..: 139.4 141.2 142.9 141.8 142.1 141.4 140.4 136.6 135.8 140.8 142.9 146.0 140.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with non-farm origin 4/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 106.4 106.1 105.7 105.5 105.7 106.1 106.3 106.4 106.7 106.9 107.3 107.9 106.4 2021 ..: 109.5 110.4 111.9 113.1 114.4 116.5 117.5 118.3 119.7 122.1 124.0 125.5 116.9 2022 ..: 131.7 133.8 136.6 141.5 142.0 142.6 141.8 141.9 140.8 140.9 141.0 139.7 139.5 2023 ..: 140.7 139.5 138.5 137.1 135.8 134.3 133.6 134.1 134.1 134.5 134.1 134.3 135.9 2024 ..: 132.7 132.8 133.2 133.4 133.1 132.8 132.9 132.3 132.1 132.3 132.2 132.2 132.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 110.9 110.8 110.4 110.0 110.1 110.4 111.1 111.2 111.4 111.8 112.1 112.5 111.1 2021 ..: 114.5 115.1 116.2 116.8 117.6 119.1 120.4 120.9 121.8 123.5 124.7 125.8 119.7 2022 ..: 133.8 135.2 137.1 140.4 140.7 141.2 141.0 141.2 140.4 140.4 140.6 139.7 139.3 2023 ..: 142.3 141.6 141.0 139.6 138.7 137.6 137.6 137.9 137.8 138.3 138.1 138.2 139.1 2024 ..: 137.4 137.6 138.0 137.9 137.7 137.5 137.5 137.0 136.9 137.3 137.3 137.4 137.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 ..: 110.9 110.4 108.9 106.9 106.9 106.9 107.9 108.3 109.1 110.5 111.9 113.0 109.3 2021 ..: 113.3 115.3 116.8 118.1 119.1 120.2 121.4 121.9 121.7 122.8 123.6 125.4 120.0 2022 ..: 128.7 131.5 133.6 135.4 135.5 136.0 136.9 138.0 137.8 137.4 137.6 137.8 135.5 2023 ..: 141.0 141.7 142.3 142.6 141.8 142.0 142.5 142.4 142.4 142.2 141.3 139.9 141.8 2024 ..: 141.0 142.3 143.4 142.8 142.9 142.5 142.0 139.6 139.1 142.1 143.2 145.0 142.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures 2/ For the 2011=100 base period, the Services & Rent Index is separated. 3/ Feed, livestock & poultry purchases, and seed. 4/ Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, fuels, supplies & repairs, autos & trucks, machinery, building materials, and services & rent. Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grains :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 63.2 63.1 61.9 56.5 55.6 55.6 57.2 54.6 59.7 63.4 66.9 69.5 60.6 2021 ..: 73.9 83.1 84.8 91.6 100.4 101.1 101.6 103.8 91.7 85.8 90.0 94.0 91.8 2022 ..: 96.0 104.4 111.7 119.9 122.5 121.7 118.2 120.1 118.6 111.0 111.1 111.9 113.9 2023 ..: 111.9 114.9 112.7 113.1 110.4 109.3 103.3 96.1 89.3 85.3 81.6 82.5 100.9 2024 ..: 82.3 76.5 76.9 77.3 78.7 78.3 73.8 68.2 70.0 69.0 70.3 72.3 74.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Complete feeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 114.3 114.0 113.5 114.8 113.1 111.7 111.8 111.4 112.5 115.7 119.9 123.4 114.7 2021 ..: 118.6 123.1 126.2 127.1 131.8 133.7 133.0 131.5 130.9 130.0 131.4 133.7 129.3 2022 ..: 129.3 132.8 139.4 143.2 144.8 143.9 144.0 145.0 145.6 142.8 142.3 141.6 141.2 2023 ..: 144.2 145.0 143.6 142.2 139.4 136.5 135.5 132.9 131.3 128.6 129.1 128.5 136.4 2024 ..: 127.9 124.2 121.7 120.8 124.0 123.6 124.4 123.1 123.1 124.4 123.7 125.1 123.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hay & forages :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 103.4 104.0 103.5 104.0 104.6 102.0 103.1 103.1 98.8 102.1 101.0 101.0 102.6 2021 ..: 101.7 104.7 107.8 109.6 119.6 119.6 121.5 124.5 125.0 126.7 124.6 126.0 117.6 2022 ..: 124.7 127.1 129.9 139.1 146.5 145.4 152.0 156.7 156.2 157.5 152.9 152.0 145.0 2023 ..: 149.6 149.0 150.3 156.1 155.2 149.9 142.3 136.7 132.7 132.2 129.3 128.2 142.6 2024 ..: 126.8 125.8 122.1 118.6 120.4 116.4 110.8 109.0 105.4 108.0 105.2 104.2 114.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Concentrates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 116.8 116.4 115.5 116.4 116.9 116.4 115.8 115.4 116.7 120.8 125.3 127.0 118.3 2021 ..: 128.6 130.2 129.5 129.2 130.4 128.1 125.7 124.8 123.3 122.2 122.4 123.3 126.5 2022 ..: 133.9 135.5 140.1 142.0 139.0 138.4 140.8 144.9 146.5 139.1 141.1 140.9 140.2 2023 ..: 142.9 146.2 145.5 141.9 140.0 136.6 140.3 141.0 137.6 133.9 138.9 138.7 140.3 2024 ..: 132.6 129.7 128.1 125.8 128.7 128.3 128.9 126.8 125.2 124.0 121.9 119.9 126.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 119.6 117.0 117.3 116.3 113.3 113.3 113.0 112.7 116.5 119.4 121.4 125.0 117.1 2021 ..: 112.5 116.0 119.2 118.9 127.9 127.1 128.3 129.1 128.3 134.7 135.8 137.8 126.3 2022 ..: 135.9 140.4 146.6 146.5 149.6 150.5 149.5 144.7 150.9 159.5 160.2 161.6 149.7 2023 ..: 168.3 162.7 160.0 158.6 159.0 157.6 155.7 154.2 152.3 148.3 143.1 139.8 155.0 2024 ..: 137.6 132.2 130.5 128.5 130.5 129.0 127.1 124.9 123.3 123.6 126.6 127.4 128.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 107.8 105.6 99.0 92.2 94.9 96.0 98.7 101.5 100.8 101.0 103.9 103.4 100.4 2021 ..: 101.8 102.8 102.5 104.8 99.8 103.6 109.0 111.1 109.5 113.1 113.3 117.6 107.4 2022 ..: 119.2 121.2 116.6 116.7 115.8 118.6 121.9 126.9 127.0 127.7 129.9 131.4 122.7 2023 ..: 133.6 138.0 145.1 153.8 157.5 166.7 172.3 176.7 179.6 182.5 178.1 169.4 162.8 2024 ..: 179.6 189.8 196.4 192.7 193.4 194.9 193.4 182.1 178.8 194.9 202.2 210.2 192.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder pigs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 114.3 103.6 90.7 40.0 32.1 23.6 24.3 32.1 61.4 79.3 85.7 102.1 65.8 2021 ..: 120.0 138.6 161.4 173.6 145.0 124.3 110.0 110.0 123.6 126.4 121.4 135.0 132.4 2022 ..: 161.4 202.9 208.6 191.4 137.1 120.0 120.0 117.9 102.9 90.0 104.3 125.7 140.2 2023 ..: 157.9 150.7 152.1 110.0 77.1 65.0 62.9 51.4 65.0 68.6 68.6 80.7 92.5 2024 ..: 82.9 124.3 163.6 168.6 122.1 100.0 78.6 85.7 96.4 103.6 123.6 150.7 116.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cow replacements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 91.5 91.5 91.5 88.0 88.0 88.0 92.3 92.3 92.3 94.4 94.4 94.4 91.6 2021 ..: 95.8 95.8 95.8 96.5 96.5 96.5 97.2 97.2 97.2 94.4 94.4 94.4 96.0 2022 ..: 97.2 97.2 97.2 110.6 110.6 110.6 120.4 120.4 120.4 121.8 121.8 121.8 112.5 2023 ..: 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 123.9 123.9 123.9 130.3 130.3 130.3 124.1 2024 ..: 133.1 133.1 133.1 149.3 149.3 149.3 166.2 166.2 166.2 183.1 183.1 183.1 157.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 2022 ..: 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 2023 ..: 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 2024 ..: 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 133.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crop seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 2021 ..: 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 2022 ..: 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 2023 ..: 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 2024 ..: 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 136.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grass & legume seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 2021 ..: 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 2022 ..: 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 2023 ..: 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 2024 ..: 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Mixed fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 65.1 64.5 65.0 64.6 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.1 66.1 66.6 68.4 69.3 65.9 2021 ..: 80.5 82.8 84.5 85.9 88.1 90.6 94.4 97.0 99.3 100.3 103.6 106.8 92.8 2022 ..: 122.2 123.7 124.0 126.0 126.6 127.6 126.7 136.7 136.3 136.4 136.6 137.1 130.0 2023 ..: 115.6 113.6 112.3 110.1 109.3 108.3 105.6 104.8 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 107.8 2024 ..: 104.4 104.8 105.5 106.0 107.3 106.8 107.0 106.3 105.8 105.1 104.7 105.1 105.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Nitrogen :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 68.9 68.6 69.2 72.3 72.2 70.0 68.9 68.0 68.7 70.2 70.1 71.6 69.9 2021 ..: 66.8 70.9 72.8 76.9 79.9 89.2 91.5 89.9 92.0 106.1 118.6 136.0 90.9 2022 ..: 157.2 166.1 175.9 190.4 188.8 178.3 158.2 155.5 153.7 161.8 166.4 160.9 167.8 2023 ..: 161.8 145.0 131.5 122.6 113.6 98.6 97.9 96.5 95.8 103.4 106.1 112.3 115.4 2024 ..: 108.6 102.0 106.0 107.1 105.8 101.6 100.5 98.8 98.1 101.6 100.6 101.4 102.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Potash & phosphate :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 62.6 62.4 65.2 65.3 67.7 67.9 66.1 66.8 69.1 71.8 75.1 77.2 68.1 2021 ..: 59.1 63.3 70.6 74.4 82.4 85.6 90.0 91.7 95.2 98.0 103.3 107.0 85.1 2022 ..: 142.9 142.9 158.5 161.1 161.1 150.0 141.0 141.0 141.2 141.1 141.0 125.9 145.6 2023 ..: 115.7 114.3 113.5 114.1 111.7 109.8 85.4 92.0 93.2 98.4 100.0 102.1 104.2 2024 ..: 105.2 108.0 110.4 109.4 104.3 105.0 102.2 102.3 105.3 106.0 107.6 107.5 106.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Herbicides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 96.7 96.7 94.9 95.0 96.3 96.8 96.8 96.8 96.8 95.5 97.6 97.0 96.4 2021 ..: 100.7 97.1 100.6 101.9 101.1 105.2 103.6 105.7 108.1 113.0 113.0 113.0 105.3 2022 ..: 149.6 149.6 149.6 193.8 190.1 195.3 196.9 197.6 187.4 172.9 177.8 173.9 177.9 2023 ..: 164.2 166.4 168.1 159.1 155.1 149.1 147.0 145.2 138.7 138.7 137.8 138.5 150.7 2024 ..: 138.0 137.9 138.0 138.2 138.4 139.1 139.1 139.2 139.2 139.2 139.2 139.2 138.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Insecticides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 93.5 93.5 91.7 91.8 93.0 93.5 93.5 93.5 93.5 92.3 94.3 93.7 93.2 2021 ..: 94.4 91.0 94.3 95.6 94.7 98.7 97.1 99.1 101.3 105.9 105.9 105.9 98.7 2022 ..: 101.4 101.4 101.4 131.3 128.8 132.3 133.4 133.9 127.0 117.2 120.4 117.8 120.5 2023 ..: 124.9 126.5 127.9 121.0 118.0 113.4 111.8 110.5 105.5 105.5 104.8 105.3 114.6 2024 ..: 104.9 104.9 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.9 105.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fungicides & other :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 95.0 95.0 93.2 93.3 94.5 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.1 93.8 95.8 95.2 94.7 2021 ..: 93.6 90.2 93.5 94.8 94.0 97.8 96.3 98.2 100.4 105.1 105.1 105.1 97.8 2022 ..: 98.1 98.1 98.1 127.0 124.6 128.0 129.0 129.5 122.8 113.3 116.5 114.0 116.6 2023 ..: 125.4 127.0 128.4 121.5 118.4 113.8 112.2 110.9 105.9 105.9 105.2 105.7 115.0 2024 ..: 105.3 105.3 105.4 105.5 105.6 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.3 106.2 106.3 105.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Diesel :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 62.6 59.7 56.0 51.2 49.1 49.4 50.0 49.9 49.6 49.0 49.9 53.1 52.5 2021 ..: 59.9 63.6 70.4 69.9 71.9 73.4 74.6 74.9 75.6 80.7 83.3 81.4 73.3 2022 ..: 84.1 91.0 115.3 115.6 125.8 129.9 123.9 113.1 112.7 117.7 118.7 106.4 112.9 2023 ..: 106.2 102.4 97.7 95.1 90.9 88.2 90.1 101.4 105.9 104.6 98.7 92.2 97.8 2024 ..: 89.4 93.9 93.3 92.9 88.7 86.4 88.4 85.9 82.6 83.2 81.7 81.1 87.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gasoline :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 69.5 66.8 61.4 51.1 51.7 57.2 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.2 58.0 60.2 59.6 2021 ..: 61.4 65.6 73.5 74.8 78.0 80.1 81.9 82.6 83.0 85.8 88.5 86.4 78.5 2022 ..: 87.7 92.7 111.0 108.2 116.9 129.3 119.9 105.1 98.1 101.1 97.6 85.4 104.4 2023 ..: 92.0 93.5 94.4 99.1 97.9 98.3 99.1 105.5 105.6 99.9 91.9 86.9 97.0 2024 ..: 85.3 88.8 94.5 99.6 99.4 95.5 96.1 93.6 89.1 87.0 84.7 83.8 91.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : LP Gas :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 69.7 64.4 47.3 53.0 67.6 80.4 79.6 82.0 80.3 85.3 88.4 104.4 75.2 2021 ..: 73.3 76.9 78.3 69.9 69.3 82.0 92.6 94.8 109.7 123.6 106.4 87.8 88.7 2022 ..: 120.8 132.3 149.7 134.6 126.1 126.0 118.0 112.7 102.4 88.8 88.1 71.5 114.3 2023 ..: 104.4 102.7 98.4 100.6 82.6 71.2 78.0 84.2 90.5 83.7 79.2 85.2 88.4 2024 ..: 101.8 112.6 99.6 99.2 86.5 94.5 98.8 93.6 81.3 96.0 99.6 95.8 96.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 116.3 116.6 116.5 117.3 117.1 117.3 117.3 117.4 117.8 118.3 118.4 118.7 117.4 2021 ..: 119.5 120.2 121.5 123.5 126.2 128.4 131.0 131.4 131.4 132.3 132.2 132.7 127.5 2022 ..: 135.3 137.6 139.7 142.4 142.6 143.2 143.9 144.0 144.3 144.9 143.6 143.6 142.1 2023 ..: 144.1 144.8 144.5 145.0 145.4 145.4 145.0 144.6 144.2 143.4 143.0 143.1 144.4 2024 ..: 143.2 142.5 142.2 142.1 142.6 142.8 142.5 142.6 142.5 143.1 143.2 143.5 142.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 115.1 115.4 115.3 116.1 116.2 116.0 116.6 116.4 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.6 116.1 2021 ..: 117.4 117.8 118.0 118.8 120.3 123.5 124.5 125.4 126.1 127.3 131.5 131.8 123.5 2022 ..: 133.0 133.9 133.9 136.9 137.3 137.3 138.9 139.3 139.4 140.2 140.3 140.1 137.5 2023 ..: 141.2 142.2 142.9 143.8 144.1 143.6 144.5 144.9 144.9 145.9 146.6 146.1 144.2 2024 ..: 146.8 146.8 146.8 147.4 147.5 147.2 147.7 146.6 147.1 146.9 146.7 146.7 147.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 100.8 101.4 100.9 100.6 100.7 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.5 102.2 101.2 2021 ..: 102.5 102.7 102.2 102.3 103.9 105.7 107.3 108.5 109.4 110.8 112.5 114.4 106.9 2022 ..: 114.7 115.1 115.2 116.8 118.2 118.9 119.9 120.4 121.0 121.4 121.3 121.5 118.7 2023 ..: 122.0 122.3 122.7 123.0 123.1 123.3 123.3 123.2 123.1 123.0 122.4 122.0 122.8 2024 ..: 122.4 122.2 121.7 121.4 121.5 121.4 121.2 121.0 120.8 120.7 121.0 121.1 121.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 107.0 107.3 106.9 106.9 107.1 106.8 107.3 107.0 106.9 107.6 107.7 108.4 107.2 2021 ..: 108.6 108.7 108.7 109.3 110.9 112.9 114.6 115.5 116.7 118.6 119.8 121.1 113.8 2022 ..: 121.8 122.1 122.2 123.3 124.4 125.4 126.2 126.9 127.4 128.1 128.3 128.4 125.4 2023 ..: 129.0 129.4 129.8 130.2 130.5 130.7 130.8 130.8 130.9 130.7 130.1 129.8 130.2 2024 ..: 130.0 130.0 129.8 129.9 129.6 129.7 129.6 129.4 129.3 129.1 129.3 129.4 129.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Tractors :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 114.7 113.8 113.8 113.6 114.8 113.9 114.4 114.0 2021 ..: 114.6 115.4 116.8 117.2 118.9 120.0 122.2 123.9 127.7 131.1 132.5 135.3 123.0 2022 ..: 123.7 127.8 128.0 130.8 129.4 130.0 131.3 132.4 132.7 136.9 136.3 135.9 131.3 2023 ..: 138.7 137.3 137.6 137.6 137.7 138.5 138.7 138.8 138.8 139.3 138.5 138.5 138.3 2024 ..: 138.5 138.5 139.2 139.5 138.4 138.6 138.6 138.6 138.9 138.9 139.0 139.2 138.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Self-propelled :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 121.3 121.3 121.3 121.2 121.2 121.1 121.1 121.2 121.2 122.3 122.8 122.8 121.6 2021 ..: 143.3 143.2 143.5 143.6 143.6 144.0 145.5 145.5 149.0 153.1 155.0 156.3 147.1 2022 ..: 135.3 137.4 137.8 142.2 142.1 148.1 149.5 149.5 149.5 159.6 159.6 159.6 147.5 2023 ..: 147.6 147.6 147.6 147.3 147.6 147.8 148.3 149.4 151.9 153.0 151.1 151.1 149.2 2024 ..: 151.1 151.1 151.1 151.3 151.1 151.3 151.3 151.3 153.7 153.7 153.7 153.7 152.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 133.0 132.9 133.3 133.6 133.5 134.4 135.0 136.0 135.7 135.7 135.0 135.7 134.5 2021 ..: 139.9 141.8 144.8 147.9 149.7 152.9 156.1 160.3 166.5 170.6 175.6 178.2 157.0 2022 ..: 161.8 169.0 168.4 170.1 169.7 169.6 171.0 173.2 173.9 173.4 172.2 171.2 170.3 2023 ..: 192.4 189.0 189.4 190.9 191.5 192.0 192.0 192.4 192.4 192.5 192.4 192.4 191.6 2024 ..: 192.7 192.7 194.7 195.1 194.3 194.3 194.2 194.9 194.9 194.9 195.2 195.6 194.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Custom rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 2021 ..: 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 2022 ..: 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 2023 ..: 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 2024 ..: 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 143.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other services :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Average 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 116.1 115.9 115.9 115.6 115.1 116.0 116.4 116.3 116.4 116.3 116.9 117.0 116.2 2021 ..: 118.4 119.0 119.3 120.3 120.8 121.1 121.4 122.3 122.9 122.9 123.9 124.7 121.4 2022 ..: 131.1 132.0 133.2 134.6 135.9 137.3 139.3 139.8 139.4 139.8 138.4 140.0 136.7 2023 ..: 143.0 143.6 143.2 142.4 142.7 143.4 142.8 142.7 143.5 143.3 143.4 143.0 143.1 2024 ..: 145.4 145.9 145.9 145.9 146.9 147.4 147.9 146.9 147.1 146.4 145.9 146.1 146.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cash rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 2021 ..: 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 2022 ..: 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 2023 ..: 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 2024 ..: 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Share rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 2021 ..: 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 2022 ..: 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 2023 ..: 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 2024 ..: 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 3000 2991 2967 2934 2935 2940 2962 2969 2982 3005 3029 3049 2980 2021 ..: 3081 3117 3151 3178 3203 3238 3271 3285 3294 3331 3360 3399 3242 2022 ..: 3553 3609 3662 3732 3738 3751 3760 3777 3764 3758 3765 3754 3718 2023 ..: 3833 3833 3832 3816 3794 3782 3787 3791 3789 3794 3778 3761 3799 2024 ..: 3765 3784 3805 3794 3793 3784 3778 3740 3731 3777 3791 3816 3780 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 3111 3098 3070 3033 3036 3038 3062 3069 3084 3112 3141 3165 3085 2021 ..: 3202 3242 3280 3307 3333 3371 3408 3424 3434 3474 3506 3551 3378 2022 ..: 3734 3796 3853 3935 3935 3943 3955 3975 3959 3948 3957 3946 3911 2023 ..: 4035 4031 4029 4006 3978 3962 3967 3969 3965 3971 3953 3934 3983 2024 ..: 3934 3953 3974 3959 3957 3946 3938 3893 3881 3936 3952 3982 3942 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 2226 2215 2191 2163 2165 2167 2177 2184 2197 2217 2242 2262 2201 2021 ..: 2281 2315 2349 2377 2400 2433 2453 2467 2475 2510 2538 2578 2431 2022 ..: 2686 2740 2790 2870 2870 2877 2879 2897 2882 2871 2879 2869 2842 2023 ..: 2913 2910 2908 2898 2873 2859 2854 2856 2853 2854 2839 2822 2870 2024 ..: 2814 2830 2848 2843 2841 2832 2825 2787 2777 2821 2835 2860 2826 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 1172 1168 1161 1161 1149 1137 1141 1133 1147 1185 1221 1250 1169 2021 ..: 1223 1272 1298 1315 1378 1385 1381 1380 1355 1347 1360 1384 1340 2022 ..: 1378 1420 1485 1534 1555 1547 1554 1572 1581 1551 1546 1543 1522 2023 ..: 1563 1572 1559 1553 1529 1497 1477 1444 1411 1379 1376 1369 1477 2024 ..: 1351 1311 1289 1274 1303 1292 1281 1257 1250 1258 1251 1258 1281 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 2118 2068 1945 1755 1784 1789 1837 1893 1928 1964 2018 2036 1928 2021 ..: 2046 2092 2123 2178 2056 2081 2144 2175 2172 2228 2223 2310 2152 2022 ..: 2385 2481 2420 2415 2317 2332 2399 2472 2450 2443 2500 2556 2431 2023 ..: 2654 2710 2822 2889 2893 3016 3103 3152 3219 3279 3212 3096 3004 2024 ..: 3261 3484 3647 3624 3562 3550 3521 3357 3324 3610 3753 3920 3551 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 2021 ..: 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 3858 2022 ..: 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 4330 2023 ..: 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 2024 ..: 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 4562 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 799 794 805 818 827 815 806 803 815 829 844 861 818 2021 ..: 866 906 936 971 1011 1077 1117 1125 1154 1235 1324 1436 1096 2022 ..: 1686 1739 1816 1905 1900 1833 1711 1751 1740 1781 1806 1755 1785 2023 ..: 1628 1530 1453 1398 1343 1259 1200 1200 1193 1240 1255 1291 1333 2024 ..: 1282 1255 1283 1290 1281 1258 1249 1237 1236 1251 1247 1253 1260 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 859 859 843 843 855 860 860 860 860 848 867 861 856 2021 ..: 881 849 881 892 884 921 907 925 945 989 989 989 921 2022 ..: 1178 1178 1178 1526 1496 1537 1550 1555 1475 1361 1399 1369 1400 2023 ..: 1343 1361 1375 1301 1268 1219 1202 1187 1134 1135 1126 1133 1232 2024 ..: 1128 1128 1129 1130 1131 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1134 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 1823 1734 1558 1440 1477 1574 1594 1605 1591 1602 1625 1767 1616 2021 ..: 1747 1854 2024 1985 2033 2133 2214 2231 2318 2488 2469 2335 2153 2022 ..: 2544 2748 3361 3280 3467 3609 3414 3115 3017 3056 3050 2690 3113 2023 ..: 2877 2813 2715 2709 2541 2446 2514 2779 2888 2799 2628 2514 2685 2024 ..: 2535 2683 2646 2666 2533 2506 2566 2483 2341 2409 2387 2352 2509 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 1363 1366 1365 1375 1375 1373 1378 1377 1378 1383 1383 1384 1375 2021 ..: 1393 1399 1406 1421 1443 1476 1495 1503 1509 1522 1555 1559 1473 2022 ..: 1579 1594 1602 1638 1641 1644 1658 1662 1664 1673 1668 1667 1641 2023 ..: 1677 1688 1692 1702 1706 1701 1707 1708 1707 1712 1715 1712 1702 2024 ..: 1718 1715 1714 1718 1721 1720 1722 1714 1717 1718 1717 1718 1717 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 3266 3278 3262 3262 3266 3262 3275 3266 3266 3284 3287 3309 3273 2021 ..: 3315 3318 3315 3334 3383 3441 3494 3524 3561 3617 3657 3696 3471 2022 ..: 3718 3727 3730 3764 3801 3829 3856 3875 3890 3912 3918 3921 3828 2023 ..: 3939 3951 3963 3975 3985 3991 3993 3993 3994 3988 3970 3960 3975 2024 ..: 3967 3967 3960 3960 3954 3955 3952 3946 3943 3937 3944 3946 3953 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 7581 7581 7593 7593 7593 7623 7623 7648 7636 7684 7666 7684 7625 2021 ..: 8289 8344 8435 8515 8582 8680 8820 8942 9223 9461 9645 9773 8892 2022 ..: 8722 8997 8997 9180 9150 9303 9388 9449 9474 9761 9724 9700 9320 2023 ..: 9938 9840 9852 9877 9901 9932 9944 9981 10042 10078 10017 10017 9952 2024 ..: 10026 10027 10083 10101 10063 10070 10068 10083 10147 10147 10155 10166 10095 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 2758 2765 2781 2765 2765 2777 2793 2830 2879 2872 2858 2881 2810 2021 ..: 2944 2995 3067 3151 3263 3346 3353 3351 3363 3405 3465 3533 3270 2022 ..: 3656 3723 3798 3814 3847 3837 3847 3863 3844 3830 3814 3800 3806 2023 ..: 3823 3823 3841 3842 3833 3830 3842 3846 3853 3843 3844 3848 3839 2024 ..: 3878 3891 3879 3887 3885 3879 3871 3882 3879 3883 3890 3891 3883 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services & rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 2720 2718 2718 2714 2707 2719 2724 2723 2724 2723 2731 2732 2721 2021 ..: 2781 2789 2793 2806 2813 2817 2821 2833 2841 2841 2854 2865 2821 2022 ..: 2981 2993 3009 3027 3044 3062 3088 3095 3090 3095 3077 3098 3055 2023 ..: 3187 3195 3190 3180 3183 3193 3185 3183 3194 3191 3192 3188 3188 2024 ..: 3245 3250 3250 3251 3264 3271 3277 3264 3267 3257 3251 3254 3259 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2024 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 2021 ..: 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 3997 2022 ..: 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 4798 2023 ..: 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 5771 2024 ..: 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 5722 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 2021 ..: 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 7863 2022 ..: 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 8678 2023 ..: 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 9061 2024 ..: 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 9589 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 9781 9781 9781 9647 9647 9647 9999 9999 9999 10159 10159 10159 9897 2021 ..: 10378 10378 10378 10225 10225 10225 10622 10622 10622 10622 10622 10622 10462 2022 ..: 11287 11287 11287 11025 11025 11025 11287 11287 11287 11345 11345 11345 11236 2023 ..: 11877 11877 11877 11576 11576 11576 11915 11915 11915 12043 12043 12043 11853 2024 ..: 12478 12478 12478 12152 12152 12152 12133 12133 12133 12235 12235 12235 12249 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 2452 2458 2454 2437 2437 2449 2462 2471 2473 2475 2473 2475 2460 2021 ..: 2486 2499 2518 2537 2558 2582 2595 2599 2608 2629 2642 2650 2575 2022 ..: 2672 2697 2731 2749 2778 2817 2815 2815 2821 2832 2830 2821 2782 2023 ..: 2843 2859 2868 2883 2890 2900 2905 2918 2925 2924 2918 2915 2896 2024 ..: 2931 2949 2968 2980 2985 2986 2989 2992 2996 3000 2998 2999 2981 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : Adjusted for productivity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 1724 1723 1719 1702 1703 1705 1734 1736 1738 1753 1757 1760 1730 2021 ..: 1799 1806 1813 1809 1815 1823 1857 1860 1862 1870 1876 1883 1839 2022 ..: 2026 2037 2049 2042 2047 2053 2073 2076 2075 2079 2080 2077 2060 2023 ..: 2063 2064 2065 2044 2042 2041 2065 2067 2067 2077 2074 2071 2062 2024 ..: 1989 1994 1999 1979 1979 1978 1976 1971 1970 1983 1985 1989 1983 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity ratio 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 31 31 32 29 30 31 30 30 31 30 32 31 31 2021 ..: 30 31 32 34 34 34 34 34 34 33 33 34 33 2022 ..: 32 34 36 37 37 37 37 36 36 35 37 38 36 2023 ..: 33 34 34 35 35 35 34 34 33 31 31 31 33 2024 ..: 31 33 33 33 34 35 34 35 33 31 33 34 33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Adjusted parity ratio (PPITW) 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020 ..: 35 35 36 33 34 35 34 34 35 34 36 35 35 2021 ..: 32 33 34 36 36 36 36 36 36 35 35 36 35 2022 ..: 33 35 37 38 38 38 38 37 37 36 38 39 37 2023 ..: 34 35 35 36 36 36 35 35 34 32 32 32 34 2024 ..: 32 34 34 34 35 36 35 36 34 32 34 35 34 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. 2/ Ratio of index of prices received to index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. 3/ Ratio of the index of prices received after adjustment for government payments to the index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2020-2025 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 4.9 4.2 4.4 2.4 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 2021: 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.1 3.8 2022: 5.3 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.9 2023: 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.5 2024: 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Market Egg 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 5.6 7.4 18.7 10.1 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 8.5 7.7 4.7 7.8 2021: 6.5 6.3 7.5 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.1 5.8 6.2 5.3 7.0 9.3 5.8 2022: 9.8 8.5 9.2 13.8 11.4 11.4 16.1 11.2 17.0 19.7 23.6 32.2 15.3 2023: 19.6 16.0 17.7 8.2 5.0 6.7 6.6 8.1 7.6 7.8 13.8 14.4 11.0 2024: 17.2 21.3 20.0 16.6 13.9 18.2 22.8 35.0 20.5 28.7 33.7 47.3 24.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkey 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.2 7.3 6.9 7.9 2021: 6.5 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.2 2022: 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.5 6.6 7.4 8.2 8.1 7.7 6.6 2023: 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.3 5.8 6.1 5.8 5.2 3.7 6.3 2024: 4.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.5 4.9 5.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 2.42 2.35 2.25 1.85 1.77 2.37 2.70 2.52 2.30 2.51 2.60 2.19 2.32 2021: 2.00 1.80 1.76 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.66 1.84 1.92 1.96 1.74 2022: 2.13 2.04 2.02 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.77 1.69 1.71 1.90 1.92 1.83 1.89 2023: 1.71 1.57 1.55 1.47 1.41 1.35 1.37 1.66 1.88 2.01 2.10 1.97 1.67 2024: 1.98 2.13 2.16 2.14 2.24 2.36 2.50 2.79 3.00 2.96 2.88 2.73 2.49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hog-Corn 5/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 12.6 12.0 13.0 12.9 15.9 13.1 12.4 13.8 14.6 15.6 13.7 12.4 13.5 2021: 11.8 11.9 13.7 14.2 13.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 12.9 13.0 11.1 10.3 12.7 2022: 10.5 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.4 11.9 10.4 10.9 10.3 9.5 10.8 2023: 8.8 8.8 9.3 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.9 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.3 11.1 10.6 2024: 11.2 13.3 14.4 15.2 15.1 15.4 16.2 17.7 16.2 16.0 16.1 14.7 15.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steer & Heifer-Corn 6/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2020: 33.0 32.3 31.0 33.7 34.7 34.8 30.5 33.3 30.8 29.9 28.8 28.0 31.7 2021: 26.4 24.2 23.7 22.8 20.5 20.5 20.4 19.8 23.2 25.1 25.1 25.8 23.1 2022: 24.9 23.2 21.6 20.1 19.8 19.2 19.9 19.9 20.5 22.8 23.7 24.0 21.6 2023: 24.1 23.8 25.0 26.1 27.1 28.4 29.6 32.5 35.3 37.7 39.5 36.7 30.5 2024: 37.1 41.7 43.1 42.6 41.7 42.6 46.1 50.0 46.5 47.4 46.7 45.6 44.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 2/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight. Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Flaxseed, Mustard Seed................................................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans..................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley................................................................................. (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.......................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice................................................................. (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................. (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower................................................. (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section........................................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco................................................................................ (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes.................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.............................................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................ (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes........................................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................................. (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section..................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed.................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................. (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs.......................................................................... (202) 221-9297 Ryan Cowen, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................... (202) 720-3040 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Seth Riggins - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers............................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Stephanie Brennan, Head, Economics Section................................................................ (202) 690-0392 Yukun Fung - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 720-6881 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 690-0726 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/