Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released November 29, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). October Prices Received Index Down 6.5 Percent The October Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 112.8, decreased 6.5 percent from September and 1.1 percent from October 2023. At 90.0, the Crop Production Index was down 9.0 percent from last month and 14 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 155.0, increased 6.0 percent from September and 17 percent from October last year. Producers received lower prices during October for soybeans, onions, milk, and potatoes but higher prices for market eggs, cattle, lettuce, and calves. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In October, there was decreased monthly movement for cattle, milk, broilers, and market eggs and increased marketing of soybeans, corn, cotton, and calves. October Prices Paid Index Up 1.2 Percent The October Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 139.5, is up 1.2 percent from September 2024 but down 0.5 percent from October 2023. Higher prices in October for feeder cattle, milk cows, wage rates, and LP gas more than offset lower prices for other services, mixed fertilizer, concentrates, and feed grains. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : October : September : October Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 114.1 120.7 112.8 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 140.2 137.9 139.5 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 81 88 81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons............................ 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons....................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024............... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons............ 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons................. 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons...................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons................... 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons................... 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons........................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons..................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons................. 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons........................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................. 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons....................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons............... 14 Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons................ 15 Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons........................ 15 Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................. 15 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons......................... 16 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons....................... 16 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons............. 16 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons...................... 16 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons... 17 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons..... 17 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.................... 18 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: October 2024................. 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2023.................... 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2024.................. 19 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2024.................... 19 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons....................... 20 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons...................... 20 Parity Price Overview........................................................................................ 21 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.. 22 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons....................................... 23 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities..................................................................... 25 Market Year Average Prices Received for Proso Millet - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 and 2023............................................................................................. 25 Market Year Average Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 and 2023....... 26 Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2022-2023....................... 27 Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024....................... 28 Marketing Percentages of Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 and 2023-2024............................................................................................. 29 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates..................................................................... 30 Prices Paid by Farmers....................................................................................... 31 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons................. 32 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons............................................................................. 33 Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons............................................. 34 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons........... 34 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons.............................. 34 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates......................................................................... 35 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 36 October Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The October index, at 90.0, is down 9.0 percent from September and 14 percent from October 2023. The other crop, grain & oilseed, and fruit & tree nut index decreases more than offset the vegetable & melon index increase. Grain and oilseed: The October index, at 74.8, is down 0.7 percent from September and 20 percent from October 2023. The oilseed and feed grain index decreases more than offset the higher food grain index. Feed grain: The October index, at 66.9, decreased 1.2 percent from last month and 19 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $3.99 per bushel, is up 1 cent from last month but down 94 cents from October 2023. Food grain: At 88.1, the index for October increased 5.6 percent from the previous month but decreased 16 percent from a year ago. The October price for all wheat, at $5.47 per bushel, is 11 cents higher than September but $1.49 lower than October 2023. The October price for rice, at $15.40 per cwt, is 40 cents higher than September but $1.00 lower than October 2023. Oilseed: At 79.5, the index for October decreased 3.3 percent from September and 22 percent from October 2023. The soybean price, at $9.91 per bushel, is 29 cents lower than September and $2.79 lower than October a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The October index, at 165.6, is down 0.7 percent from September but up 0.1 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during October for strawberries, pears, oranges, and lemons more than offset price increases for apples, grapefruit, and peaches. Vegetable and melon: At 151.0, the index for October is up 7.6 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from October 2023. Price increases during October for lettuce, tomatoes, and celery more than offset price declines for onions, potatoes, cauliflower, and cantaloupes. Other crop: The October index, at 96.8, is down 6.4 percent from the previous month and 15 percent from October 2023. The all hay price, at $165.00 per ton, is $4.00 higher than September but $40.00 lower than October 2023. At 63.1 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 3.3 cents higher than September but 13.1 cents lower than October 2023. Livestock production: The index for October, at 155.0, increased 6.0 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from October a year earlier. Meat animal and poultry & egg index increases more than offset the lower dairy index. Meat animal: At 147.3, the October index increased 3.2 percent from the previous month and 3.2 percent from a year earlier. The October beef cattle price of $187.00 per cwt is $4.00 higher than the previous month and $5.00 higher than October 2023. At $63.90 per cwt, the October hog price is 40 cents lower than September but $3.50 higher than a year earlier. Dairy: The index for October, at 125.4, is down 1.2 percent from the previous month but up 17 percent from October a year ago. The October all milk price of $25.20 per cwt is 30 cents lower than September but $3.70 higher than October 2023. Poultry and egg: At 188.3, the October index increased 14 percent from September and 44 percent from October 2023. The October market egg price, at $2.72 per dozen, is 76.0 cents higher than September and $1.70 higher than October 2023. The October broiler price, at 73.3 cents per pound, is 1.4 cents higher than September and 9.9 cents higher than a year ago. At 59.5 cents per pound, the October turkey price is 1.5 cents higher than the previous month but 15.5 cents lower than October 2023. Food Commodities: The index, at 126.5, decreased 5.4 percent from the previous month but increased 2.8 percent from October 2023. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : October : September : October Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 114.1 120.7 112.8 Crop production ..............: 104.4 98.9 90.0 Grain and oilseed ..........: 93.8 75.3 74.8 Feed grain ...............: 82.6 67.7 66.9 Food grain ...............: 104.2 83.4 88.1 Oilseed ..................: 101.4 82.2 79.5 Fruit and tree nut .........: 165.5 166.7 165.6 Vegetable and melon ........: 130.6 140.3 151.0 Other crop .................: 114.3 103.4 96.8 : Livestock production .........: 132.5 146.2 155.0 Meat animal ................: 142.7 142.7 147.3 Cattle ...................: 163.9 162.6 169.8 Hog ......................: 90.8 96.7 96.1 Dairy ......................: 107.0 126.9 125.4 Poultry and egg ............: 131.0 165.9 188.3 : Food commodity .................: 123.1 133.7 126.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : October : September : October Index Group : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1177 1246 1164 Crop production ..............: 910 862 784 Livestock production .........: 1540 1699 1801 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 124.4 111.9 118.1 98.0 135.7 136.5 131.6 125.4 February ......: 126.4 120.5 120.8 101.2 132.6 141.3 131.7 133.7 March .........: 128.1 122.3 118.9 100.1 137.7 144.5 134.0 135.5 April .........: 130.8 122.7 126.4 101.8 135.1 142.6 136.5 134.0 May ...........: 127.1 123.9 121.0 103.9 133.0 142.9 132.1 135.4 June ..........: 127.5 126.9 121.2 107.3 134.4 147.7 132.5 140.0 July ..........: 125.0 123.2 119.8 100.2 131.7 152.1 130.5 136.5 August ........: 125.7 127.9 118.4 100.1 133.7 158.2 133.2 143.9 September .....: 121.9 120.7 113.3 98.9 132.4 146.2 130.1 133.7 October .......: 114.1 112.8 104.4 90.0 132.5 155.0 123.1 126.5 November ......: 114.0 101.5 133.5 128.5 December ......: 113.3 101.7 129.2 124.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 141.7 139.2 140.0 135.2 142.3 137.4 141.0 141.0 February ......: 141.7 139.9 139.9 136.0 141.6 137.6 141.7 142.3 March .........: 141.6 140.6 139.8 136.8 141.0 138.0 142.3 143.4 April .........: 141.1 140.2 139.2 136.6 139.6 137.9 142.6 142.8 May ...........: 140.2 140.2 138.1 136.5 138.7 137.7 141.8 142.9 June ..........: 139.8 139.9 137.4 136.1 137.6 137.5 142.0 142.5 July ..........: 140.0 139.6 137.1 135.8 137.6 137.5 142.5 142.0 August ........: 140.1 138.2 137.2 133.9 137.9 137.0 142.4 139.6 September .....: 140.1 137.9 137.1 133.4 137.8 136.8 142.4 139.0 October .......: 140.2 139.5 137.1 135.4 138.3 137.2 142.2 141.9 November ......: 139.7 136.4 138.1 141.3 December ......: 139.0 135.6 138.2 139.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 7.16 6.73 6.13 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 4.79 3.86 3.50 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 7.65 7.01 6.53 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 42.20 38.40 38.20 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 23.70 19.00 20.30 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 36.20 32.70 31.20 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 36.20 35.60 35.20 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 36.70 26.00 24.70 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 4.93 3.98 3.99 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.762 0.598 0.631 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 233.00 229.00 223.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 13.00 12.00 11.90 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 205.00 161.00 165.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 219.00 172.00 173.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 172.00 140.00 147.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 39.00 34.30 34.10 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 3.77 3.32 3.33 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.267 0.267 0.260 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 14.80 13.50 13.30 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 16.40 15.00 15.40 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 15.20 14.50 14.30 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 20.40 18.40 21.10 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 9.41 7.90 7.26 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 12.70 10.20 9.91 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 20.00 18.20 21.00 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 6.96 5.36 5.47 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 6.41 5.28 5.34 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 10.10 6.91 6.83 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 7.22 5.32 5.63 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 6.54 5.30 5.34 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.94 5.32 5.39 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 7.27 5.33 5.66 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 6.38 5.16 5.32 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 25.03 8.35 34.81 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 37.54 28.41 23.14 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 17.25 23.60 19.47 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.742 0.663 0.718 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 3,350.00 2,900.00 2,920.00 Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 2,320.00 2,150.00 2,190.00 Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,310.00 1,730.00 1,560.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 139.00 220.00 199.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 121.00 78.00 113.00 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 85.00 101.00 102.00 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 37.80 30.90 29.50 Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 56.00 68.40 68.70 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 78.00 82.30 70.60 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 55.70 59.00 63.90 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 42.90 (S) 61.30 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 28.90 39.10 37.30 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 23.20 22.30 31.20 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 25.80 36.10 29.60 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 11.90 12.20 10.50 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 50.90 50.50 68.00 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 297.00 289.00 322.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 182.00 183.00 187.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 108.00 136.00 128.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 186.00 185.00 189.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 1,850.00 (NA) 2,600.00 Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 60.40 64.30 63.90 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 61.50 64.00 63.60 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 39.50 70.20 70.60 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 21.50 25.50 25.20 Fat test ........................percent: 4.26 4.21 4.15 4.26 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.634 0.719 0.733 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.19 2.06 2.72 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 0.927 1.96 2.72 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.750 0.580 0.595 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 1.34 2.28 3.07 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 89 91 89 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 20.90 25.50 24.50 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 103 100 103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 8.48 8.81 6.77 5.58 6.63 4.74 12.90 14.50 12.80 February ...: 9.16 8.54 6.34 6.09 6.80 4.36 14.70 15.10 11.90 March ......: 9.93 8.35 6.01 6.56 6.67 4.36 15.40 14.90 11.80 April ......: 10.20 8.31 5.90 7.07 6.70 4.39 15.80 14.90 11.80 May ........: 10.90 8.07 6.19 7.26 6.54 4.51 16.10 14.40 11.90 June .......: 9.61 7.67 5.86 7.38 6.49 4.48 16.40 14.20 11.80 July .......: 8.69 7.61 5.52 7.25 6.22 4.23 15.50 14.70 11.30 August .....: 8.55 7.34 5.23 7.24 5.73 3.84 15.30 14.10 10.30 September ..: 8.78 7.06 5.36 7.09 5.21 3.98 14.20 13.20 10.20 October ....: 9.18 6.96 5.47 6.49 4.93 3.99 13.50 12.70 9.91 November ...: 9.15 6.52 6.49 4.66 14.00 13.00 December ...: 8.97 6.79 6.58 4.80 14.40 13.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 135.00 156.00 172.00 58.80 58.50 53.00 February .: 137.00 158.00 178.00 68.60 59.60 58.20 March ....: 139.00 164.00 185.00 75.10 61.70 62.80 April ....: 139.00 171.00 185.00 76.20 57.00 66.90 May ......: 141.00 173.00 186.00 75.90 58.80 67.90 June .....: 140.00 181.00 189.00 78.70 64.60 68.80 July .....: 142.00 181.00 193.00 83.00 74.30 68.40 August ...: 141.00 182.00 190.00 85.80 73.70 67.80 September : 143.00 181.00 183.00 73.80 64.90 64.30 October ..: 145.00 182.00 187.00 70.50 60.40 63.90 November .: 151.00 180.00 66.70 57.50 December .: 154.00 172.00 62.50 53.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 6.03 5.14 5.08 Idaho ..............: 7.11 5.47 5.55 Illinois ...........: 5.69 5.25 5.54 Indiana ............: 6.12 5.54 4.82 Kansas .............: 6.58 5.32 5.52 Michigan ...........: 5.23 5.37 5.50 Minnesota ..........: 7.40 5.14 5.51 : Missouri ...........: 6.63 5.43 5.74 Montana ............: 7.52 5.61 5.82 Nebraska ...........: 6.27 5.46 4.98 North Carolina .....: 5.84 5.23 4.91 North Dakota .......: 7.63 5.48 5.61 Ohio ...............: 5.35 5.32 5.40 Oklahoma ...........: 6.67 5.43 5.53 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 5.30 5.88 South Dakota .......: 6.66 5.23 5.40 : Texas ..............: 6.97 4.96 4.85 Washington .........: 6.03 5.04 5.29 : United States ......: 6.96 5.36 5.47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 6.03 5.14 5.08 Idaho ..............: 7.01 5.41 5.55 Illinois ...........: 5.69 5.25 5.54 Indiana ............: 6.12 5.54 4.82 Kansas .............: 6.58 5.32 5.52 Michigan ...........: 5.23 5.37 5.50 Missouri ...........: 6.63 5.43 5.74 Montana ............: 6.55 5.33 5.31 : Nebraska ...........: 6.27 5.46 4.98 North Carolina .....: 5.84 5.23 4.91 North Dakota .......: 6.66 (D) 5.03 Ohio ...............: 5.35 5.32 5.40 Oklahoma ...........: 6.67 5.43 5.53 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania 1/ ....: (NA) 5.30 5.88 South Dakota .......: 6.40 5.06 5.25 Texas ..............: 6.97 4.96 4.85 Washington .........: 5.98 5.01 5.27 : United States ......: 6.41 5.28 5.34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate began in July 2024. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho 1/ ...........: (S) (NA) (NA) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 9.99 6.66 6.87 : United States ......: 10.10 6.91 6.83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 7.45 5.61 5.54 Minnesota ..........: 7.40 5.14 5.51 Montana ............: 7.41 5.66 6.18 North Dakota .......: 7.20 5.27 5.38 South Dakota .......: 6.74 5.34 5.61 Washington .........: 6.31 5.22 5.47 : United States ......: 7.22 5.32 5.63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (D) (D) Iowa ...............: 4.76 3.44 3.69 Michigan ...........: 4.59 3.69 3.70 Minnesota ..........: 3.57 2.78 2.80 Montana ............: (S) (D) (S) Nebraska ...........: (D) 3.50 (D) New York ...........: (S) 2.77 (S) North Dakota .......: 3.78 3.54 3.38 Oregon 1/ ..........: (S) (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania .......: (S) 3.87 4.14 South Dakota .......: 3.45 3.18 3.25 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 3.99 3.11 3.71 : United States ......: 3.77 3.32 3.33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.33 7.85 6.85 Idaho ..............: 8.16 6.72 6.18 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.92 6.38 5.90 North Dakota .......: (D) 6.22 5.90 Washington .........: 5.28 6.33 (D) Wyoming ............: 7.50 (D) (D) : United States ......: 7.16 6.73 6.13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (S) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: 7.33 7.85 6.85 Idaho ..............: 8.18 (D) 6.27 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (S) Montana ............: 7.23 6.62 6.24 North Dakota .......: (D) 7.19 7.07 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: 7.50 (D) (D) : United States ......: 7.65 7.01 6.53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) 4.11 2.76 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 5.09 2.86 (D) North Dakota .......: (D) (D) (D) Washington .........: 4.29 3.33 (D) Wyoming ............: (S) (D) (S) : United States ......: 4.79 3.86 3.50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 5.73 4.60 4.70 Illinois ...........: 4.80 3.84 3.90 Indiana ............: 4.85 3.86 3.96 Iowa ...............: 4.96 4.09 4.01 Kansas .............: 5.02 4.04 4.13 Kentucky ...........: 4.90 4.00 4.08 Michigan ...........: 4.82 3.62 3.86 Minnesota ..........: 4.92 3.89 3.96 Missouri ...........: 4.78 3.86 3.79 Nebraska ...........: 5.06 4.13 4.12 : North Carolina .....: 5.61 4.69 4.76 North Dakota .......: 4.88 3.78 3.73 Ohio ...............: 4.85 3.72 3.82 Pennsylvania .......: 5.16 4.14 3.84 South Dakota .......: 4.74 3.70 3.79 Tennessee ..........: 4.57 4.03 4.78 Texas ..............: 5.84 4.64 5.11 Wisconsin ..........: 4.80 3.70 3.88 : United States ......: 4.93 3.98 3.99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 9.12 7.06 7.09 Nebraska ...........: 8.85 6.99 6.83 Oklahoma ...........: 9.19 (D) (D) Texas ..............: 10.30 8.62 8.23 : United States ......: 9.41 7.90 7.26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 13.20 10.40 9.92 Illinois ...........: 12.80 10.20 10.10 Indiana ............: 12.80 10.50 10.20 Iowa ...............: 12.60 10.00 9.82 Kansas .............: 12.50 10.10 9.58 Kentucky ...........: 13.00 10.60 10.30 Louisiana ..........: 13.30 10.30 10.10 Michigan ...........: 12.90 11.50 10.40 Minnesota ..........: 12.50 10.10 9.86 Mississippi ........: 13.30 10.70 10.30 : Missouri ...........: 12.80 10.20 9.93 Nebraska ...........: 12.60 10.20 9.75 North Carolina .....: 13.20 11.10 10.60 North Dakota .......: 12.40 9.83 9.65 Ohio ...............: 12.60 10.00 9.98 South Dakota .......: 12.40 9.82 9.55 Tennessee ..........: 12.40 10.30 9.87 Wisconsin ..........: 12.40 10.20 9.90 : United States ......: 12.70 10.20 9.91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Dry Edible Beans - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 43.40 41.20 40.90 Minnesota ..........: 41.00 (D) 37.90 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 38.40 34.30 33.00 Washington 2/ ......: (NA) (D) (D) : United States ......: 42.20 38.40 38.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. 2/ Monthly estimate began in September 2024. Prices Received for Dry Edible Peas - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Idaho ..........: (D) (D) 13.60 Montana ........: (D) (D) (D) Nebraska .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ...: (D) 13.20 13.10 South Dakota 1/ : (D) (NA) (NA) Washington .....: (D) 14.70 (D) : United States ..: 14.80 13.50 13.30 ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for Lentils - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : Idaho 1/ ......: (D) (NA) (NA) Montana .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..: (D) 33.50 31.60 Washington ....: (D) 37.00 37.40 : United States .: 39.00 34.30 34.10 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. Prices Received for All Chickpeas - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ State : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per cwt : California 1/ .: (D) (NA) (NA) Idaho .........: (D) 31.80 31.00 Montana .......: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota ..: (D) (D) 25.00 Washington ....: (D) 33.40 31.70 : United States .: 36.20 32.70 31.20 ------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in September 2024. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) 17.30 North Dakota .......: 23.70 19.10 20.30 Oklahoma 1/ ........: (S) (NA) (NA) Washington 2/ ......: (NA) 17.00 19.00 : United States ......: 23.70 19.00 20.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Monthly estimate discontinued in July 2024. 2/ Monthly estimates began in July 2024. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 13.00 12.00 11.90 : United States ......: 13.00 12.00 11.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.228 0.245 0.226 Arkansas ...........: 0.252 0.245 0.244 Florida ............: 0.274 0.289 0.259 Georgia ............: 0.246 0.250 0.243 Mississippi ........: 0.225 0.270 0.245 New Mexico .........: 0.293 (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.268 0.270 0.284 Oklahoma ...........: 0.306 0.333 0.292 South Carolina .....: 0.255 0.267 0.243 Texas ..............: 0.400 0.343 0.388 Virginia ...........: 0.279 0.281 0.281 : United States ......: 0.267 0.267 0.260 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 20.70 18.20 21.70 South Dakota .......: 16.10 17.70 18.30 : United States ......: 20.00 18.20 21.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : September : October : October : September : October : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (D) (S) (D) 188.00 178.00 181.00 Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) 350.00 (S) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) 224.00 217.00 217.00 California .........: (S) (S) (S) 410.00 (S) 425.00 Georgia ............: (D) (S) 0.773 161.00 (S) 161.00 Louisiana ..........: 0.775 (S) (D) 292.00 241.00 243.00 Mississippi ........: 0.740 (D) (D) 270.00 233.00 229.00 North Carolina .....: (D) (S) (D) 221.00 (S) 224.00 Tennessee ..........: (D) (D) (D) 237.00 (S) 250.00 Texas ..............: 0.725 0.591 0.622 231.00 230.00 229.00 : United States ......: 0.762 0.598 0.631 233.00 229.00 223.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.762 0.598 0.631 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 683 226 908 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.40 15.00 15.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 15,549 11,427 11,842 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 15.20 14.50 14.30 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 12,003 9,987 9,865 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 22.50 21.50 22.60 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 18.60 14.60 17.30 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 20.40 18.40 21.10 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 3,546 1,440 1,977 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October :September : October : October :September : October : October :September : October : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 208.00 165.00 170.00 215.00 165.00 170.00 145.00 145.00 145.00 California ...........: 220.00 223.00 232.00 230.00 230.00 240.00 185.00 200.00 200.00 Colorado .............: 254.00 178.00 183.00 255.00 180.00 185.00 250.00 160.00 165.00 Idaho ................: 200.00 151.00 151.00 200.00 150.00 150.00 200.00 155.00 155.00 Illinois .............: 159.00 168.00 166.00 175.00 180.00 180.00 135.00 140.00 140.00 Iowa .................: 174.00 109.00 110.00 185.00 114.00 121.00 147.00 95.00 93.00 Kansas ...............: 221.00 136.00 137.00 245.00 140.00 140.00 163.00 131.00 131.00 Kentucky .............: 189.00 186.00 184.00 222.00 220.00 220.00 180.00 175.00 175.00 Michigan .............: 171.00 158.00 157.00 200.00 170.00 170.00 140.00 135.00 135.00 Minnesota ............: 164.00 92.00 100.00 169.00 100.00 110.00 138.00 80.00 88.00 : Missouri .............: 138.00 123.00 122.00 175.00 175.00 175.00 130.00 115.00 110.00 Montana ..............: 171.00 139.00 133.00 175.00 140.00 135.00 160.00 135.00 125.00 Nebraska .............: 177.00 129.00 124.00 201.00 135.00 130.00 130.00 115.00 110.00 Nevada ...............: 188.00 169.00 178.00 190.00 170.00 180.00 165.00 150.00 160.00 New Mexico ...........: 286.00 239.00 239.00 295.00 250.00 250.00 245.00 180.00 180.00 New York .............: 169.00 168.00 194.00 232.00 210.00 230.00 148.00 156.00 183.00 North Dakota .........: 106.00 97.00 93.00 115.00 100.00 98.00 85.00 85.00 82.00 Ohio .................: 164.00 191.00 190.00 200.00 210.00 210.00 160.00 175.00 175.00 Oklahoma .............: 111.00 90.00 101.00 218.00 160.00 170.00 103.00 83.00 91.00 Oregon ...............: 264.00 220.00 215.00 270.00 220.00 215.00 250.00 220.00 215.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 162.00 170.00 195.00 232.00 219.00 240.00 153.00 155.00 182.00 South Dakota .........: 156.00 105.00 109.00 165.00 110.00 115.00 130.00 95.00 95.00 Texas ................: 222.00 201.00 171.00 268.00 270.00 248.00 188.00 181.00 153.00 Utah .................: 191.00 159.00 169.00 195.00 160.00 170.00 150.00 100.00 110.00 Washington ...........: 260.00 190.00 184.00 265.00 180.00 175.00 245.00 215.00 205.00 Wisconsin ............: 133.00 123.00 137.00 183.00 132.00 147.00 133.00 97.00 115.00 Wyoming ..............: 209.00 131.00 146.00 210.00 135.00 150.00 205.00 120.00 135.00 : United States ........: 205.00 161.00 165.00 219.00 172.00 173.00 172.00 140.00 147.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 300.00 280.00 290.00 Idaho ..............: 260.00 180.00 180.00 Michigan ...........: 225.00 205.00 205.00 Minnesota ..........: 210.00 180.00 176.00 New York ...........: 293.00 305.00 330.00 Pennsylvania .......: 300.00 301.00 330.00 Texas ..............: 316.00 296.00 283.00 Wisconsin ..........: 217.00 210.00 222.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 278.00 227.00 236.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For October 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For September 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For October 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 48.00 28.02 34.86 5.14 25.03 32.15 1.17 : Lemons ..............................: 59.40 44.77 48.06 (D) 37.54 40.72 (D) : Oranges .............................: 39.30 20.46 27.33 (D) 17.25 24.24 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: September 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: (D) 12.14 (D) (D) 8.35 (D) (D) : Lemons ..............................: 52.10 35.72 39.89 (D) 28.41 32.40 (D) : Oranges .............................: 44.30 26.86 32.91 (D) 23.60 29.73 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: October 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 54.80 36.92 42.44 (D) 34.81 40.26 (D) : Lemons ..............................: 48.70 29.75 36.56 13.28 23.14 29.07 8.83 : Oranges .............................: 38.00 22.51 25.83 (D) 19.47 22.85 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October 2023 : September 2024 : October 2024 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 21.10 4.00 24.60 3.95 24.90 4.05 California .........: 21.10 4.21 23.80 4.09 23.90 4.15 Colorado ...........: 22.30 4.07 25.20 3.87 25.10 3.98 Florida ............: 26.40 3.88 27.80 3.92 28.20 3.95 Georgia ............: 26.10 3.93 28.30 3.93 28.70 3.96 Idaho ..............: 22.10 4.39 26.70 4.28 25.10 4.38 Illinois ...........: 21.20 4.19 25.30 4.08 24.80 4.22 Indiana ............: 22.80 4.05 25.70 4.04 25.90 4.13 Iowa ...............: 19.80 4.35 25.70 4.38 25.90 4.50 Kansas .............: 20.60 4.25 24.50 4.19 24.60 4.35 : Michigan ...........: 20.90 4.13 24.80 4.08 24.70 4.19 Minnesota ..........: 20.20 4.43 27.00 4.36 26.50 4.56 New Mexico .........: 20.30 4.04 23.70 3.93 23.80 4.07 New York ...........: 23.60 4.19 25.90 4.15 25.60 4.26 Ohio ...............: 22.70 4.07 26.00 4.06 26.00 4.18 Oregon .............: 24.20 4.43 27.70 4.27 25.50 4.37 Pennsylvania .......: 22.90 4.09 25.70 4.11 25.40 4.21 South Dakota .......: 20.90 4.65 27.00 4.51 26.30 4.62 Texas ..............: 21.50 4.26 26.00 4.31 25.70 4.44 Utah ...............: 22.10 4.14 25.10 4.12 25.30 4.20 : Vermont ............: 23.50 4.19 26.10 4.17 25.80 4.28 Virginia ...........: 25.90 4.03 28.00 4.05 28.30 4.11 Washington .........: 22.60 4.32 26.10 4.22 26.00 4.38 Wisconsin ..........: 19.60 4.14 25.50 4.13 25.40 4.24 : United States ......: 21.50 4.21 25.50 4.15 25.20 4.26 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : October 2023 : July 2024 : October 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,850 2,300 2,500 California .........: 1,800 2,100 2,450 Colorado ...........: 1,850 2,200 2,500 Florida ............: 2,030 2,450 2,500 Georgia ............: 1,820 2,420 2,500 Idaho ..............: 1,800 2,300 2,600 Illinois ...........: 1,730 2,220 2,480 Indiana ............: 1,930 2,570 2,830 Iowa ...............: 1,820 2,470 2,700 Kansas .............: 1,800 2,350 2,350 : Michigan ...........: 1,980 2,550 2,850 Minnesota ..........: 1,810 2,480 2,610 New Mexico .........: 1,650 2,100 2,100 New York ...........: 1,880 2,460 2,650 Ohio ...............: 1,780 2,380 2,500 Oregon .............: 1,600 2,100 2,600 Pennsylvania .......: 1,870 2,390 2,590 South Dakota .......: 1,800 2,350 2,350 Texas ..............: 1,850 2,400 2,700 Utah ...............: 1,600 2,100 2,300 : Vermont ............: 1,850 2,440 2,640 Virginia ...........: 1,800 2,200 2,500 Washington .........: 1,750 2,150 2,600 Wisconsin ..........: 1,990 2,650 2,850 : United States ......: 1,850 2,360 2,600 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2024, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2024, the 10-average includes the years 2014-2023). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : October :September: October : October :September: October : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.534 20.40 19.90 20.10 34 27 27 Rice ....................cwt: 1.30 48.40 48.50 49.00 34 31 31 Corn .................bushel: 0.396 15.30 14.80 14.90 32 27 27 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.065 2.48 2.42 2.45 31 25 26 American Pima .......pound: 0.137 5.40 5.11 5.17 33 28 28 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.020 0.788 0.746 0.755 34 36 34 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.31 84.80 86.20 87.20 43 30 28 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.71 104.00 101.00 102.00 35 35 35 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.42 87.40 90.30 91.30 45 38 37 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.75 67.60 65.30 66.00 31 39 37 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.210 7.88 7.83 7.92 38 32 32 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.145 5.52 5.41 5.47 28 29 29 Mohair ................pound: 0.496 18.20 18.50 18.70 36 34 34 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.047 1.690 1.750 1.770 44 38 41 Barley ...............bushel: 0.488 18.40 18.20 18.40 39 37 33 Canola ..................cwt: 1.85 69.40 69.00 69.80 34 28 29 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.50 732.00 690.00 698.00 32 33 32 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.04 116.00 113.00 115.00 37 34 33 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.15 44.70 42.90 43.40 29 28 27 Oats .................bushel: 0.295 11.30 11.00 11.10 33 30 30 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.15 40.20 42.90 43.40 30 28 24 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.706 26.90 26.30 26.60 35 30 27 Soybeans .............bushel: 0.991 37.90 37.00 37.40 34 28 26 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.03 77.30 75.70 76.60 26 24 27 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.15 40.50 42.90 43.40 62 19 80 Lemons ..................box: 2.07 78.80 77.20 78.10 48 37 30 Oranges .................box: 1.150 42.40 42.90 43.40 41 55 45 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 12.00 443.00 448.00 453.00 41 41 41 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.95 1.94 1.96 33 37 37 Calves ..................cwt: 17.70 649.00 660.00 668.00 46 44 48 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.114 4.17 4.25 4.30 32 54 71 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.33 206.00 199.00 201.00 29 32 32 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.070 2.590 2.610 2.640 29 22 23 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : October : September : October : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.488 18.10 18.20 18.40 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.12 113.00 116.00 118.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.23 87.10 83.20 84.10 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.568 22.30 21.20 21.40 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.23 82.90 83.20 84.10 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.60 62.30 59.70 60.40 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.05 77.30 76.50 77.30 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.182 6.94 6.79 6.87 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 9.50 9.36 9.47 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.185 6.94 6.90 6.98 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.184 6.94 6.86 6.94 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 8.48 8.36 8.45 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.266 9.50 9.92 10.00 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 19.80 758.00 739.00 747.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 127.00 4,620.00 4,740.00 4,790.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 212.00 8,140.00 7,910.00 8,000.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 206.00 8,180.00 7,680.00 7,770.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.026 1.050 0.970 0.981 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.05 116.00 114.00 115.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 270.00 9,570.00 10,070.00 10,190.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 85.70 3,130.00 3,200.00 3,230.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 165.00 5,740.00 6,150.00 6,230.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 98.20 3,480.00 3,660.00 3,710.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 107.00 4,170.00 3,990.00 4,040.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : October : September : October : : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.054 1.91 2.01 2.04 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 121.00 4,390.00 4,510.00 4,570.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 58.90 2,270.00 2,200.00 2,220.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 104.00 3,670.00 3,880.00 3,920.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 10.90 405.00 407.00 411.00 Processing .......................cwt: 4.04 152.00 151.00 152.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.44 160.00 166.00 168.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.65 129.00 136.00 138.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.215 8.82 8.02 8.11 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 200.00 8,180.00 7,460.00 7,550.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.226 9.08 8.43 8.53 Walnuts ............................ton: 152.00 6,830.00 5,670.00 5,730.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 3.42 110.00 128.00 129.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 5.09 177.00 190.00 192.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.20 84.10 82.10 83.00 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.44 88.90 91.00 92.10 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.86 107.00 107.00 108.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.73 63.10 64.50 65.30 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.16 158.00 155.00 157.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Corn for Grain: September 1 to August 31 for United States; July 1 to June 30 for Texas; August 1 to July 31 for Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Tennessee; September 1 to August 31 for Arizona, California, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Virginia, and West Virginia; October 1 to September 30 for all other States. Market Year Average Prices Received for Proso Millet - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 and 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ States : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : Colorado .....................: 8.70 3.76 Nebraska .....................: 9.67 4.36 South Dakota .................: 9.41 4.47 : United States ................: 8.96 4.02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Market Year Average Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022 and 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ States : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : Alabama ......................: 7.36 5.27 Arizona ......................: 8.55 6.53 Arkansas .....................: 6.78 4.97 California ...................: 7.70 5.92 Colorado .....................: 7.36 5.03 Delaware .....................: 6.68 4.58 Florida ......................: 7.42 5.35 Georgia ......................: 7.10 5.30 : Idaho ........................: 7.37 5.53 Illinois .....................: 6.40 4.46 Indiana ......................: 6.48 4.50 Iowa .........................: 6.62 4.61 Kansas .......................: 7.04 4.73 Kentucky .....................: 6.72 4.75 Louisiana ....................: 6.66 5.33 Maryland .....................: 6.53 4.58 : Michigan .....................: 6.16 4.19 Minnesota ....................: 6.27 4.42 Mississippi ..................: 6.87 4.91 Missouri .....................: 6.71 4.60 Montana ......................: 7.16 5.16 Nebraska .....................: 6.77 4.68 New Jersey ...................: 6.51 4.55 : New Mexico ...................: 7.25 5.90 New York .....................: 6.62 4.18 North Carolina ...............: 7.34 5.58 North Dakota .................: 6.16 4.14 Ohio .........................: 6.28 4.39 Oklahoma .....................: 7.55 5.40 Oregon .......................: 7.49 5.69 Pennsylvania .................: 7.00 4.77 South Carolina ...............: 7.31 5.45 : South Dakota .................: 6.50 4.29 Tennessee ....................: 6.72 4.75 Texas ........................: 7.57 5.46 Utah .........................: 7.25 5.90 Virginia .....................: 7.00 5.10 Washington ...................: 7.05 5.20 West Virginia ................: 6.90 5.00 Wisconsin ....................: 6.11 4.29 Wyoming ......................: 7.90 5.90 : United States 1/ .............: 6.54 4.55 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2022-2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 States :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/: February ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 8.11 8.14 8.12 8.07 7.32 7.36 7.29 7.72 Illinois .........: 7.32 7.15 6.70 6.39 6.29 6.39 6.47 6.65 Indiana ..........: 7.14 7.30 7.05 6.46 6.41 6.58 6.50 6.69 Iowa .............: 7.44 7.40 7.42 6.53 6.50 6.69 6.74 6.83 Kansas ...........: 7.46 7.35 7.02 7.14 7.16 7.26 7.21 7.35 Kentucky .........: 7.16 7.14 6.50 6.56 6.69 6.72 6.84 7.05 Michigan .........: 6.50 6.75 6.67 6.36 6.11 6.17 6.36 6.55 Minnesota ........: 6.95 7.09 7.13 6.20 6.28 6.34 6.47 6.62 Missouri .........: 7.57 7.38 6.94 6.67 6.83 6.90 6.94 6.92 Nebraska .........: 7.31 7.37 7.14 6.59 6.83 6.83 6.93 7.05 : North Carolina ...: 8.43 7.40 7.15 7.53 7.70 7.57 7.51 7.62 North Dakota .....: 6.83 6.93 6.88 6.16 6.01 6.17 6.18 6.44 Ohio .............: 6.64 6.85 6.58 6.27 6.31 6.24 6.42 6.49 Pennsylvania .....: 7.60 7.35 7.31 7.00 7.10 6.86 7.24 7.23 South Dakota .....: 7.25 7.13 7.04 6.40 6.45 6.62 6.60 6.75 Tennessee ........: 7.28 7.25 6.61 6.52 6.04 6.91 7.01 7.20 Texas ............: 7.38 7.18 7.72 7.71 7.59 7.14 8.04 7.86 Wisconsin ........: 6.79 6.95 7.12 5.99 6.08 6.09 6.20 6.34 : United States 2/ .: 7.25 7.24 7.09 6.49 6.49 6.58 6.63 6.80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2022-2023 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 States :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : March : April : May : June : July : August :September ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 7.75 7.62 7.78 7.24 7.76 7.17 6.04 Illinois .........: 6.54 6.54 6.46 6.38 6.12 5.61 5.04 Indiana ..........: 6.57 6.63 6.49 6.54 6.14 5.79 5.36 Iowa .............: 6.70 6.75 6.57 6.57 6.33 5.77 5.22 Kansas ...........: 7.09 7.17 6.78 6.75 6.35 5.70 5.03 Kentucky .........: 6.89 6.85 6.63 6.86 6.63 6.17 5.21 Michigan .........: 6.16 6.34 6.04 6.28 5.85 5.58 5.31 Minnesota ........: 6.47 6.49 6.33 6.38 6.11 5.59 5.16 Missouri .........: 6.82 6.91 6.66 6.62 6.33 5.62 5.00 Nebraska .........: 6.90 6.87 6.87 6.65 6.51 5.97 5.38 : North Carolina ...: 7.50 7.46 7.00 7.23 6.89 6.26 5.73 North Dakota .....: 6.38 6.44 6.24 6.25 6.13 5.64 5.19 Ohio .............: 6.28 6.42 6.10 6.19 5.98 5.56 5.50 Pennsylvania .....: 7.50 6.62 6.77 6.69 6.84 6.66 5.90 South Dakota .....: 6.66 6.83 6.57 6.50 6.13 5.67 4.92 Tennessee ........: 7.15 6.42 6.96 6.82 6.80 6.01 4.86 Texas ............: 8.23 7.77 7.86 6.61 5.87 5.17 5.37 Wisconsin ........: 6.25 6.30 6.24 6.24 6.16 5.63 5.07 : United States 2/ .: 6.67 6.70 6.54 6.49 6.22 5.73 5.21 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. 2/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 States :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July : August :September : October : November : December :January 1/: February ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 7.76 7.17 6.04 5.73 5.23 5.13 5.10 4.78 Illinois .........: 6.12 5.61 5.04 4.80 4.67 4.84 4.69 4.23 Indiana ..........: 6.14 5.79 5.36 4.85 4.52 4.74 4.74 4.57 Iowa .............: 6.33 5.77 5.22 4.96 4.74 4.89 4.84 4.39 Kansas ...........: 6.35 5.70 5.03 5.02 4.84 4.79 4.79 4.47 Kentucky .........: 6.63 6.17 5.21 4.90 4.88 5.05 5.03 4.51 Michigan .........: 5.85 5.58 5.31 4.82 4.29 4.37 4.33 4.17 Minnesota ........: 6.11 5.59 5.16 4.92 4.70 4.90 4.85 4.31 Missouri .........: 6.33 5.62 5.00 4.78 4.77 4.91 4.79 4.49 Nebraska .........: 6.51 5.97 5.38 5.06 4.85 4.89 4.87 4.40 : North Carolina ...: 6.89 6.26 5.73 5.61 5.23 5.59 5.44 5.20 North Dakota .....: 6.13 5.64 5.19 4.88 4.35 4.42 4.44 3.99 Ohio .............: 5.98 5.56 5.50 4.85 4.40 4.64 4.43 4.32 Pennsylvania .....: 6.84 6.66 5.90 5.16 4.94 4.98 4.97 4.69 South Dakota .....: 6.13 5.67 4.92 4.74 4.47 4.40 4.42 4.08 Tennessee ........: 6.80 6.01 4.86 4.57 4.93 4.99 4.99 4.52 Texas ............: 5.87 5.17 5.37 5.84 5.68 5.49 5.37 4.96 Wisconsin ........: 6.16 5.63 5.07 4.80 4.40 4.50 4.45 4.14 : United States 2/ .: 6.22 5.73 5.21 4.93 4.66 4.80 4.74 4.36 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received for Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Year 2023-2024 (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023-2024 States :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : March : April : May : June : July : August :September ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado .........: 4.72 4.82 4.93 5.07 5.18 4.66 4.60 Illinois .........: 4.21 4.26 4.38 4.40 4.13 3.70 3.84 Indiana ..........: 4.46 4.42 4.60 4.42 4.18 3.71 3.86 Iowa .............: 4.43 4.50 4.63 4.60 4.32 4.02 4.09 Kansas ...........: 4.44 4.53 4.63 4.64 4.44 4.14 4.04 Kentucky .........: 4.74 4.54 4.59 4.62 4.54 4.04 4.00 Michigan .........: 4.33 4.21 4.40 4.22 4.12 3.62 3.62 Minnesota ........: 4.26 4.22 4.36 4.30 4.13 3.70 3.89 Missouri .........: 4.52 4.39 4.61 4.52 4.27 3.94 3.86 Nebraska .........: 4.43 4.47 4.62 4.62 4.49 3.98 4.13 : North Carolina ...: 4.95 4.92 5.23 5.67 5.07 5.06 4.69 North Dakota .....: 4.08 4.01 4.11 4.20 3.76 3.53 3.78 Ohio .............: 4.32 4.31 4.43 4.38 4.04 3.68 3.72 Pennsylvania .....: 4.53 4.66 4.22 4.67 4.46 4.27 4.14 South Dakota .....: 4.12 4.16 4.33 4.25 4.00 3.66 3.70 Tennessee ........: 4.59 4.09 4.59 4.53 4.21 4.01 4.03 Texas ............: 5.36 5.36 4.89 4.85 4.76 4.04 4.64 Wisconsin ........: 4.09 4.14 4.25 4.24 4.08 3.73 3.70 : United States 2/ .: 4.36 4.39 4.51 4.48 4.23 3.84 3.98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Second year. 2/ United States prices includes Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Marketing Percentages of Corn by Month - States and United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 [Monthly farm marketings are based on a sample survey and used as a percent of total for calculating MYA prices. Blank cells indicate month is outside State's designated marketing year as defined on page 26] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Jan 1/: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : % : Colorado : 2022-2023 ...: 3 18 12 30 8 5 4 2 4 4 5 5 2023-2024 ...: 8 10 11 17 10 11 7 5 5 7 3 6 Illinois : 2022-2023 ...: 4 13 10 9 23 8 7 5 5 7 4 5 2023-2024 ...: 5 12 8 7 16 9 7 6 7 7 7 9 Indiana : 2022-2023 ...: 5 15 11 9 14 8 7 5 5 9 5 7 2023-2024 ...: 5 8 16 8 10 8 8 6 7 6 6 12 Iowa : 2022-2023 ...: 6 17 10 7 12 7 9 6 6 9 5 6 2023-2024 ...: 5 12 9 6 9 9 7 7 9 8 9 10 : Kansas : 2022-2023 ...: 12 16 13 9 13 6 8 6 4 6 3 4 2023-2024 ...: 12 14 12 11 10 8 7 6 6 5 3 6 Kentucky : 2022-2023 ...: 11 14 6 9 19 10 7 4 9 4 4 3 2023-2024 ...: 7 15 7 7 12 11 8 10 11 2 5 5 Michigan : 2022-2023 ...: 8 18 11 13 8 8 7 6 7 5 5 4 2023-2024 ...: 4 13 15 8 6 8 8 9 4 6 12 7 Minnesota : 2022-2023 ...: 14 9 10 11 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 4 2023-2024 ...: 10 10 8 10 8 6 8 9 8 7 9 7 : Missouri : 2022-2023 ...: 9 12 8 9 13 7 8 6 8 8 5 7 2023-2024 ...: 10 11 10 8 9 9 7 6 8 5 7 10 Nebraska : 2022-2023 ...: 6 14 13 11 12 6 8 8 5 6 5 6 2023-2024 ...: 5 11 12 10 10 9 7 8 7 7 6 8 North Carolina : 2022-2023 ...: 13 40 8 4 5 10 8 4 2 2 2 2 2023-2024 ...: 10 39 12 4 3 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 North Dakota : 2022-2023 ...: 11 11 14 18 8 6 6 3 8 8 4 3 2023-2024 ...: 8 12 8 11 9 8 7 5 8 9 9 6 : Ohio : 2022-2023 ...: 4 14 17 9 14 8 7 6 4 8 4 5 2023-2024 ...: 3 8 18 11 9 8 7 7 7 7 5 10 Pennsylvania : 2022-2023 ...: 11 11 19 7 7 6 5 8 9 6 5 6 2023-2024 ...: 6 5 10 8 19 7 9 7 12 5 6 6 South Dakota : 2022-2023 ...: 4 15 9 10 16 7 7 5 5 9 5 8 2023-2024 ...: 5 7 15 8 12 9 8 7 7 7 6 9 Tennessee : 2022-2023 ...: 3 22 22 8 9 9 4 9 4 4 4 2 2023-2024 ...: 2 26 17 9 10 10 7 5 6 3 2 3 : Texas : 2022-2023 ...: 11 10 6 11 12 12 9 10 5 8 2 4 2023-2024 ...: 19 9 5 9 11 9 11 9 4 7 4 3 Wisconsin : 2022-2023 ...: 10 20 9 18 6 8 7 4 7 4 4 3 2023-2024 ...: 8 24 9 14 6 6 7 7 3 5 7 4 : United States : 2022-2023 ...: 5.7 14.2 11.2 9.0 14.5 7.0 7.5 6.0 5.3 8.3 5.3 6.0 2023-2024 ...: 5.8 10.4 11.6 8.3 10.9 8.6 7.1 7.2 7.5 6.7 6.8 9.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Second year. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. October Prices Paid by Farmers The October Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 139.5, is up 1.2 percent from September 2024 but down 0.5 percent from October 2023. Production: The October index, at 135.4, is up 1.5 percent from September but down 1.2 percent from last year. Higher prices for feeder cattle, milk cows, LP gas, and nitrogen more than offset lower prices for other services, mixed fertilizer, concentrates, and feed grains. Feed: At 113.7, the October index increased 0.1 percent from September but decreased 9.3 percent from last October. Higher prices in September for hay & forages, complete feeds, and supplements more than offset lower prices for concentrates and feed grains. Livestock and poultry: The October index, at 183.0, is up 8.6 percent from September and 10 percent from last year. Since September, prices are higher for feeder cattle, milk cows, and feeder pigs. The October feeder cattle price, at $267.00 per cwt, is up $22.00 per cwt from the September price. The October feeder pigs price, at $145.00 per cwt, is up $10.00 per cwt from September. Fertilizer: The index for October, at 102.9, is up 0.4 percent from September and 0.1 percent from October a year ago. Since September, higher prices for nitrogen and potash & phosphate more than offset lower prices for mixed fertilizer. Chemicals: The October index, at 126.9, is up 0.1 percent from September and 0.3 percent from last October. Fuels: At 86.2, the October index is up 3.0 percent from September but down 14 percent from October 2023. Compared with September, prices are higher for LP gas and diesel but lower for gasoline. Machinery: The index for October, at 166.1, is unchanged from September but up 0.7 percent from last October. Consumer Price Index: The October 2024 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.6 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 315.664 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.1 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : October : September : October : October : September : October Ratios : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3794 3731 3773 140.2 137.9 139.5 Production ....................: 2854 2777 2817 137.1 133.4 135.4 Feed ........................: 1379 1250 1251 125.3 113.6 113.7 Livestock and poultry .......: 3279 3324 3610 166.2 168.5 183.0 Seeds .......................: 4562 4562 4562 138.7 138.7 138.7 Fertilizer ..................: 1240 1236 1241 102.8 102.5 102.9 Chemicals ...................: 1135 1138 1138 126.5 126.8 126.9 Fuels .......................: 2799 2341 2409 100.1 83.7 86.2 Supplies and repairs ........: 1712 1716 1716 145.1 145.5 145.5 : Autos and trucks ............: 3988 3943 3937 129.7 128.2 128.0 Machinery ...................: 10078 10147 10147 165.0 166.1 166.1 Building materials ..........: 3843 3877 3881 165.2 166.6 166.8 Services and rent ...........: 3191 3267 3260 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 143.0 146.8 146.3 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 127.0 129.0 129.0 : Interest 1/ ...................: 5771 5722 5722 158.3 156.9 156.9 Taxes 2/ ......................: 9061 9589 9589 152.7 161.6 161.6 Wage rates ....................: 12043 12133 12235 168.1 169.3 170.8 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2924 2996 3000 136.8 140.2 140.4 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3971 3881 3931 140.8 137.6 139.3 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 81 88 81 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 31 33 31 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 32 34 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 2077 1970 1983 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 138.3 136.8 137.2 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 142.2 139.0 141.9 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 141.2 135.7 140.5 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 134.5 132.0 132.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : October :September: October : 2023 1/ : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 74.105 76.036 137.1 137.1 135.4 : Feed ......................: 14.697 14.590 125.3 113.6 113.7 Feed grains .............: 2.102 2.086 85.3 70.0 69.0 Complete feeds ..........: 7.202 7.149 128.6 123.1 123.4 Hay and forages .........: 1.837 1.824 132.2 105.4 108.0 Concentrates ............: 2.322 2.305 133.9 125.2 123.8 Supplements .............: 1.235 1.226 148.3 122.4 123.0 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.752 9.438 166.2 168.5 183.0 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.597 7.352 182.5 178.8 194.9 Feeder pigs .............: 0.780 0.755 68.6 96.4 103.6 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.790 0.765 130.3 166.2 183.1 Poultry .................: 0.585 0.566 133.5 133.5 133.5 : Seeds .....................: 4.901 4.766 138.7 138.7 138.7 Field crops .............: 4.440 4.318 136.9 136.9 136.9 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.461 0.448 156.4 156.4 156.4 Fertilizer ................: 6.668 8.927 102.8 102.5 102.9 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.934 3.928 103.6 105.8 104.9 Nitrogen ................: 2.801 3.749 103.4 98.1 99.7 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.934 1.250 98.4 105.3 106.0 Chemicals .................: 3.637 4.695 126.5 126.8 126.9 Herbicides ..............: 2.291 2.958 138.7 139.1 139.2 Insecticides ............: 0.837 1.080 105.5 105.8 105.9 Fungicides and other ....: 0.509 0.657 105.9 106.2 106.3 : Fuels .....................: 3.042 3.668 100.1 83.7 86.2 Diesel ..................: 1.893 2.283 104.6 82.6 83.2 Gasoline ................: 0.637 0.768 99.9 89.1 87.0 LP gas ..................: 0.511 0.617 83.7 81.3 96.0 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.392 4.176 145.1 145.5 145.5 Supplies ................: 1.471 1.399 143.4 142.3 143.0 Repairs .................: 2.920 2.777 145.9 147.1 146.7 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.140 1.074 129.7 128.2 128.0 Autos ...................: 0.148 0.140 123.0 120.8 120.7 Trucks ..................: 0.992 0.934 130.7 129.3 129.1 : Machinery .................: 4.827 4.501 165.0 166.1 166.1 Tractors ................: 1.062 0.990 139.3 138.9 138.9 Self-propelled ..........: 1.931 1.800 153.0 153.7 153.7 Other machinery .........: 1.834 1.710 192.5 194.9 194.9 Building materials ........: 3.648 3.485 165.2 166.6 166.8 Services ..................: 10.954 10.726 143.0 146.8 146.3 Custom rates ............: 1.128 1.105 141.2 143.5 143.5 Other services ..........: 9.826 9.621 143.3 147.1 146.6 Rent ......................: 6.448 5.990 127.0 129.0 129.0 Cash ....................: 3.463 3.217 129.0 129.0 129.0 Share ...................: 2.986 2.773 124.7 129.0 129.0 : Interest ....................: 2.095 2.032 158.3 156.9 156.9 Taxes .......................: 3.159 2.923 152.7 161.6 161.6 Wage rates ..................: 7.114 6.436 168.1 169.3 170.8 Family living-CPI ...........: 13.526 12.574 136.8 140.2 140.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals. Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 4.5 6.4 6.6 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 7.8 20.5 28.7 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 12.3 16.2 16.0 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.01 3.00 2.96 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 37.7 46.5 47.4 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 5.8 5.7 5.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.634 0.719 0.733 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 0.927 1.96 2.72 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 60.40 64.30 63.90 Milk, all .......................cwt: 21.50 25.50 25.20 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 186.00 185.00 189.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.750 0.580 0.595 : Corn .........................bushel: 4.93 3.98 3.99 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 219.00 172.00 173.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 12.70 10.20 9.91 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 6.96 5.36 5.47 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : October 2023 :September 2024: October 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 250.00 245.00 267.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 96.00 135.00 145.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Patrick Boyle, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Flaxseed, Mustard Seed................................................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans..................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley................................................................................. (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay, Peanuts.......................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Proso Millet, Rice............................................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................. (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower................................................. (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section........................................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco................................................................................ (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes.................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.............................................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................ (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes........................................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................................. (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section..................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed.................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................. (202) 720-3278 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs.......................................................................... (202) 221-9297 Ryan Cowen, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................... (202) 720-3040 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Seth Riggins - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers............................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-6146 Stephanie Brennan, Head, Economics Section................................................................ (202) 690-0392 Yukun Fung - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 720-6881 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (202) 690-0726 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. 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